中国城镇居民消费差距的动态演进及分类决定

论文将测量个人收入分配差距的基尼系数方法引入到城镇居民消费差距的测定中。采用1992-2008年我国城镇居民各收入分组的消费数据,计算了食品、衣着、家庭设备用品及服务、医疗保健、交通通讯、文教娱乐、居住七类消费分项指标的差距及其对总消费差距的贡献,并通过反事实方法模拟分析分项指标对总体消费差异的影响。研究发现:第一,城镇居民消费差距与收入差距保持同步的发展趋势,但消费基尼系数一般小于同期收入基尼系数;第二,尽管恩格尔系数的持续下降一直成为平抑居民消费差距的最重要因素,但其对总体差距的贡献程度呈逐步弱化态势;第三,交通通讯和文教娱乐消费,尤其是前者,已逐步成为影响居民总体消费差距的重要力量;第四,虽然居民家庭设备消费差距一直高居不下,但是其对总体消费差距影响程度呈现出逐步弱化趋向。     

服务产品价格的范围与振荡收敛性研究

服务提供商占有服务创造的价值的问题必然涉及到对服务产品的定价。通过使用价格和服务量共同来描述服务价值的创造与分配,用服务产品的价格的确定来实现价值的分配,用不同的价格决定权和博弈顺序来确定服务产品的价格范围,然后寻求一种服务产品价格的振荡系统,使得服务产品的价格最终收敛于总价值创造最高的价格。     

创新活动空间集聚及其驱动因素国外研究进展评述

对国外有关创新活动空间集聚的研究文献进行梳理,分析了现有研究取得的成就和存在的问题,对未来研究的几个待突破的方面进行了展望。     

代理人间具有竞争关系的薪酬激励机制设计

销售系统中存在着典型的信息不对称情况:委托人(公司)对代理人(销售人员)的努力程度具有不对称信息,委托人不能观测到代理人努力程度,因而常根据销售业绩来制定薪酬激励机制.本文研究销售系统中具有多个代理人且代理人之间存在竞争关系的委托代理问题.在假设市场最终需求对努力水平敏感,且某代理人努力水平提高时,他可以在开拓市场的同时,吸引对方顾客的条件下,建立了具有多代理人且代理人间存在竞争的委托代理模型.得到当努力成本、风险规避度、产出不确定性越大,代理人的风险分担越小,利润提成越低,越倾向于取得固定工资;竞争程度越高,代理人的努力程度也随之提高;利用代理人之间的竞争可以使委托人获利等结论.     

数据驱动下收货方质量偏好与电商配送服务质量优化

针对"互联网+大数据"优化电商配送服务质量问题,明确不同收货方的质量需求稳定性,引导电商根据收货方不同质量敏感性提供相对精准服务,提升配送服务质量。模拟投票结果的形成过程聚类得到收货方对服务质量偏好的记忆性特征：（1）"无记忆"型收货方;（2）"记忆"型收货方;（3）"不确定"型收货方;（4）收货方总体。进一步推导不同规划类型求解空间,设计得到"无记忆"型收货方动态规划精确求解方法,及其他三种类型近似求解粒子群算法。研究过程中,配送资源质量感知度被嵌入到模型约束;"无记忆"型收货方的质量需求规划问题转化为零库存策略最优解问题,进而证明存在精确解;"记忆"型收货方呈现出对质量感知的累积;"不确定"型收货方模型通过赋值即可得总体收货方表达式。结果表明：数据驱动研究框架借助大数据资源,使得电商更易通过收货方的质量偏好设计更加匹配的配送方案;不确定服务需求得到有效满足,投入成本的利用率更高;通过特征分类的方式,尽可能地抽取能够精确最优化的部分,缩小NP范围,提高整体求解的精确度。     

Pollutant Ground Concentrations of Nonneutrally Buoyant Particles

A methodology is suggested for the estimation of the mass density and the cumulative ground deposition of a nonvolatile, nonneutrally buoyant, air pollutant (liquid or solid) released from a polluted column (following an explosion caused during routine operation in, e.g., the chemical industry or due to any kind of hostile act) and deposited on the ground via gravitational settling. In many cases, the deposited mass due to gravitational settling constitutes a significant fraction of the original inventory released from the source. Implementation of the methodology in preliminary risk assessments can serve as an efficient tool for emergency planning for both immediate and long‐term measures such as evacuation and decontamination. The methodology considers, inter alia, an estimation of the critical particle diameter, particle size, and mass distributions along the polluted column. This methodology was developed to apply in rural regions since proper application of relevant meteorological input data can be accomplished mainly for such areas.     

工程质量政府监督多层次利益分配与激励协同机制探究

The implementation of the government supervision of the quality of the project is an international practice. The basic form of government supervision of engineering quality is government supervision on the quality behavior of the engineering main bodies and its results by the competent government department entrusted. Its essence is a dual principal-agent process. The frequent accidents of the engineering quality reflect the loss and failure of the government law enforcement supervision of the engineering quality to some extent. Its root lies in the lack of endogenous power in the law enforcement supervision of the project quality government supervisors in the law enforcement supervision. Therefore, the incentive coordination mechanism of the government supervision based on the multi-level interest distribution is worth explored. In views of the multi-level management system which is formed by the government departments, government quality supervision organizations, quality supervision team (or group) for the government supervision of engineering quality. The benefit distribution function between every party is constructed, and the game model of the multi-level incentive and coordination for the government supervision in engineering quality is built. To solve and deduce from the first stage of the cooperative game and the second stage of the non-cooperative game, the cooperative game can obtain the reward coefficient: . The coordination degree of the best effort can be obtained by the non cooperative game. The result shows that:the coordination degree of government engineering quality supervisor is related to the coordination costs, and had nothing to do with fixed costs. The benefit distribution coefficient not only depends on the efforts of the quality government monitors, but also on the efficiency of other parties' efforts. The quality supervisors of the project will also focus on the coordination with other parties when enhancing their management capabilities to improve the overall performance of project quality government supervision. The strategy of the incentive coordination mechanism for the supervision and cooperation of the project quality government is:the government quality supervision team should set up the supervisory team properly, improve the coordination efficiency and reduce the cost of supervision-coordination to maximize the value of self-motivation. Quality supervision team (or group) should establish the partnership to improve the coordination efficiency for achieving the maximization of their own incentive value.The model and conclusion of incentive synergy mechanism based on multi-level benefit allocation mechanism are researched. It can provide theoretical support and practice reference for the market governance and supervision of general public goods.     

陕西农村劳动力流向分析

陕西农村劳动力流动地域分布特征明显。农村劳动力流动地域广阔,西部地区和省会及地级城市较集中,地域分布由省内为主转向以跨省流动为主,跨省劳务输出规模优势明显。不同地区就业收入差距较大以致务工地域比较集中。陕西农村劳动力流动产业分布以二、三产业居多,劳务品牌优势突出,不同产业收入差距较大,行业分布地域化明显。     

The empirical Bayes estimators of the parameter of the Poisson distribution with a conjugate gamma prior under Stein's loss function

For the hierarchical Poisson and gamma model, we calculate the Bayes posterior estimator of the parameter of the Poisson distribution under Stein's loss function which penalizes gross overestimation and gross underestimation equally and the corresponding Posterior Expected Stein's Loss (PESL). We also obtain the Bayes posterior estimator of the parameter under the squared error loss and the corresponding PESL. Moreover, we obtain the empirical Bayes estimators of the parameter of the Poisson distribution with a conjugate gamma prior by two methods. In numerical simulations, we have illustrated: The two inequalities of the Bayes posterior estimators and the PESLs; the moment estimators and the Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLEs) are consistent estimators of the hyperparameters; the goodness-of-fit of the model to the simulated data. The numerical results indicate that the MLEs are better than the moment estimators when estimating the hyperparameters. Finally, we exploit the attendance data on 314 high school juniors from two urban high schools to illustrate our theoretical studies.