近代早期西欧的瘟疫与穷人——兼论近代转型时期西欧社会群际心理与行为变化

近代早期西欧瘟疫阴影下的群际心理与关系发生明显变化。作为瘟疫的直接受害者与平息神怒的"中介者",穷人为社会同情与关爱;但作为瘟疫的"祸首",它又成为社会排斥和政府打击的对象;社会发展的需要又使其成为社会救助的对象。西欧社会对穷人的矛盾心理正是近代社会转型期间西欧复杂现实在心理观念上的折射。     

Financial self‐sufficiency or return to welfare? A longitudinal study of mothers among the working poor

Cheng T. Financial self‐sufficiency or return to welfare? A longitudinal study of mothers among the working poor Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 162–172 © 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. This study investigated how working‐poor mothers who withdrew from a US government assistance program were affected by the economy, welfare reform policies, and their own human capital, in terms of their likelihood of returning to welfare and their likelihood of becoming nonpoor through work. The study employed longitudinal data (covering 42 months) extracted from a national data set. The sample for the current study, which relied on event history analysis, consisted of 228 working‐poor former welfare mothers. Results showed that the women's return to welfare was correlated to high unemployment, restrictive welfare policies, enrollment in Medicaid and food‐stamp programs, possession of service‐job skills, and being Hispanic. The women were most likely to attain relative financial independence in the presence of generous government assistance program policies, housing assistance, full‐time employment, operative‐job skills, college education, and marriage. African American ethnicity also made achievement of financial independence more likely.     

我国商业银行存贷差扩大原因的实证分析

选取城乡居民储蓄率等作为存贷差扩大影响因素的解释变量,运用单位根检验、协整检验和误差修正模型等统计方法对数据进行相应的分析,结果表明,所选解释变量对存贷差的扩大都存在长期影响关系。针对这些对存贷差扩大有影响的因素制定相应的货币政策和财政政策,为构建和谐社会提供一个坚实的资金保障系统。     

A Leadership Training Group for at Risk Fifth & Seventh Graders: Results from A Brief Strength-Based Group Program

ABSTRACT

An increasing number of youth are exhibiting social, emotional, and behavioral problems that hinder their ability to function at grade level. Subsequently, school mental health services have not been able to address the need for services particularly among students who are minority and poor. A mixed methodology study was conducted to determine the treatment outcomes from a brief strength-based leadership training group for primarily students who are African American and poor. Pre–post scores on three scales and focus group data revealed significant positive changes in regard to internal areas of functioning and social skills, anger management skills, and school attitude. Gender and age significantly impacted outcomes.     

Jean Valjean Bank in Korea: an innovative approach to poor defendants sentenced to pay fines

ABSTRACT

This study aims to introduce Jean Valjean Bank in South Korea which is an innovative approach supporting poor defendants who cannot pay fines and accordingly are imprisoned. In Korea, it is reported that we have more than 40,000 Jean Valjeans annually. As a civil movement against the unfair criminal justice system, a non-governmental organisation Human Rights Solidarity (Inkwon Yondae in Korean) opened Jean Valjean Bank in 2015. Jean Valjean Bank targets poor defendants who are not able to pay fines and who are confined to prison because of non-payment of fines. As of December 2017, the Bank has loaned KRW1,024 million to 545 persons with an average loan per participant of KRW1,879,700. The Bank reported that, among the receivers, 84 persons completed redemption and 277 persons are redeeming loans to the Bank. This study concludes with implications for reforms in criminal justice system in Korea.     

Asset poverty in Korea: Levels and composition based on Wolff's definition

Kim K‐S, Kim YM. Asset poverty in Korea: levels and composition based on Wolff's definition The main purpose of the study was to lay the groundwork for establishing a more effective asset‐building policy through accurate measurement and analysis of the level and composition of the asset‐poor Korean population. We defined four asset poverty lines according to the concepts of basic needs, limited period of time and wealth‐type resources from Wolff's operational definition. The size of the Korean asset‐poor population, when considered from the perspectives of net assets and liquid assets, was found to remain around 12.7–13.2 and 32.8–36.5 per cent respectively. This study suggests that it is necessary to establish a differentiated asset‐building policy by age group and to prepare more realistic alternatives to solve housing problems, while empirically verifying the need for an accurate asset poverty line which reflects the definition of asset poverty.     

Welfare Status and Child Care as Obstacles to Full-Time Work for Low-Income Mothers

SUMMARY

In this study, we use new data from the Philadelphia Survey of Child Care and Work to expand on previous analyses: we include child care problems as a work obstacle, and we analyze both current welfare recipients and non-welfare “working poor” mothers. Results show that two main obstacles have a large impact on full-time work: poor mental health and child care problems. Net of other factors, mothers with severe child care problems are 22 percent less likely to work full time. Dividing the sample by welfare status, we find a child care problems effect for both groups. Among welfare recipients, the gap in full-time work between those with severe child care problems and those without is 30 percent. Among the working poor, child care problems reduce the chance of full-time work by about 18 percent. Our findings show that improving mothers' child care situation can significantly improve their ability to support their families.     

西藏农牧民进城务工的价值引领与法律制度保障

西藏农牧民进城务工有增长之势.职业选择范围窄、劳务工资较低、生活素质较差等问题,折射出西藏农牧民工在劳动技能、职业素质、竞争能力等方面与当下市场经济要求存在一定距离.对此,既要引领农牧民工重视自身素质提高、增强竞争意识,自觉参与劳动技能教育与培训,更要敦促政府完善地方法规,从法律制度上保障各地县的农牧民接受劳动技能培训,建立提升农牧民参与现代化城市建设能力、提高农牧民物质生活的长效机制.     

流动儿童教育公平问题的社会学分析

以学业失败的流动儿童为研究对象,采用质的研究方法,选取在南京市某所公办小学就读的四位流动儿童进行个案研究。通过揭示流动儿童中“差生”形成的原因,分析公办学校教育、家庭背景在流动儿童受教育过程中的影响作用,并揭示导致流动儿童学业失败的社会根源。本研究在流动儿童教育起点公平的基础上探讨教育过程和结果的公平。     

农村光棍的类型研究 ———一种人口社会学的分析

以光棍率作为分析单位,文章发现,光棍率在1970年代至1980年代中期变化较为平缓,自1980年代中后期至今则逐渐加剧上升。根据其形成的直接原因可以将农村光棍划分为历史塑造型、身心缺陷型、经济贫困型与缘分宿命型四种经验类型,而经济贫困型光棍逐渐成为当前农村光棍的主要类型。农村婚姻圈的持续扩大造成婚姻资源的不对称性流动以及出生人口性别比长时期严重失调的双重挤压效应,客观上使得农村女性在婚姻市场中具有较强的要价谈判力,从而使得婚姻高消费成为可能并因此而导致了经济贫困型光棍的形成。