The Electoral College and Conflict in American History and Politics

The historical relationship between the electoral college and controversial U.S. presidential elections, specifically with respect to conflict, is examined. The elections of 1800, 1824, 1860, 1876, 1888, 1968, and 2000 are examined. Aside from the 2000 election, there has been essentially no conflict in American history due to the electoral college. The constitutional structure and thinking behind the form of the electoral college is given, with emphasis on the federal aspects of the structure. The current movement to abolish the electoral college in favor of direct popular vote is depicted, along with the arguments against making that change. The conclusion is that we as a nation are far better off to retain the status quo than to make the called-for change.     

‘There Oughtta Be a Law Against Bitches’: Masculinity Lessons in Police Academy Training

This article draws on participant observation in a law enforcement academy to demonstrate how a hidden curriculum encourages aspects of hegemonic masculinity among recruits. Academy training teaches female and male recruits that masculinity is an essential requirement for the practice of policing and that women do not belong. By watching and learning from instructors and each other, male students developed a form of masculinity that (1) excluded women students and exaggerated differences between them and men; and (2) denigrated women in general. Thus, the masculinity that is characteristic of police forces and is partly responsible for women’s low representation on them is not produced exclusively on the job, but is taught in police academies as a subtext of professional socialization.     

城市公众安全文化教育的方法与思路——兼议北京2008“安全奥运文化”普及问题

通过对安全文化发展演变历史的简单回眸,探讨了适用于城市安全减灾的安全文化教育的模式及方法,尤其从文化建设层面上研究了应用安全文化建设方法的特点。作为最现实的应用,还就2008年北京“安全奥运”的系统化建设提出了“安全奥运文化”普及教育的思路。     

从文化视角深窥人性异化——论毕飞宇小说的文化批判

青年作家毕飞宇从文化角度深窥人性的异化。文化是人类社会进步的产物,却凝结成无法抗拒的生活方式,制约着人的社会属性和动物属性。文化的人走到了人的反面。毕飞宇通过小说形式表现文化强大的异化力量,对文化进行反思和批判。     

关于贫困文化的思考

贫困文化是与贫困经济相互对应的一个范畴,贫困文化反映了贫困经济的精神实质;贫困经济则从根本上决定了贫困文化的物质表现形式。贫困文化是造成贫困经济的一个重要精神原因,改变贫困经济的状况,必须首先改造贫困文化的价值形态。     

“文学史上的失踪者”：穆木天——中国现代文学中的左翼文学论（三）

穆木天思想和创作在中国现代文学中是一个十分复杂的现象，其核心体现了与“边缘文化”相联系的左翼文学的精神特征，与30年代左翼文学的灵魂——鲁迅有着一致的精神趋向。以鲁迅为代表的左翼文学体现了中国现代文学的“先锋性”，在这个问题上，穆木天的文艺思想既有重要的价值，又存在着局限性，这种局限是与他的“日本体验”内在相关的。     

孔子学院的发展现状、问题及趋势

孔子学院是以教授汉语和传播中国文化为宗旨的非营利的公益机构，是海外朋友学习汉语了解中国的窗口，也是学习借鉴不同文化、促进多元文化交流发展而构建和谐世界的平台。作为汉语国际推广的龙头产品，孔子学院的建设已经初具规模，发展的势头引人瞩目。本文谨就孔子学院的发展现状、存在问题以及未来的趋势作一概括性的阐述和分析。     

人文语境与《红楼梦》的翻译

文章从人文语境的典籍文化、民俗文化、礼俗文化和审美文化四个方面阐述翻译中语用意图的实现过程 ,以探讨语境对文学翻译的重要作用 ,并力图找到移植原作隐含意义的最佳切入点     

Defining child abuse in Hong Kong

Definitions of child abuse are culturally driven. Hong Kong, with a predominantly Chinese population, has managed to eradicate much of the societal abuse that children suffer elsewhere in Asia. Professional and government attention has now shifted to child abuse and neglect within the family. The paper, based on interviews with key professionals. analysis of policy documents and practice records examines traditional Chinese parent-child relationships. the status of parental authority and corporal punishment and changes in contemporary Hong Kong family life. It goes on to outline the development of responses to child abuse in Hong Kong, some of the dilemmas that professionals face in defining abuse and areas for future research.     

西方生育文化发展研究

西方生育文化源于原始的生殖崇拜,经历了由文艺复兴前生育文化、文艺复兴后生育文化和20世纪中期以来生育文化等几个阶段的发展,每一阶段上的生育观念、生育习俗、生育制度、生育理论都呈现出不同变化及特点。