Liking and hyperlinking: Community detection in online child sexual exploitation networks

The online sexual exploitation of children is facilitated by websites that form virtual communities, via hyperlinks, to distribute images, videos, and other material. However, how these communities form, are structured, and evolve over time is unknown. Collected using a custom-designed webcrawler, we begin from known child sexual exploitation (CE) seed websites and follow hyperlinks to connected, related, websites. Using a repeated measure design we analyze 10 networks of 300 + websites each – over 4.8 million unique webpages in total, over a period of 60 weeks. Community detection techniques reveal that CE-related networks were dominated by two large communities hosting varied material –not necessarily matching the seed website. Community stability, over 60 weeks, varied across networks. Reciprocity in hyperlinking between community members was substantially higher than within the full network, however, websites were not more likely to connect to homogeneous-content websites.     

网络不雅内容治理中搜索引擎法律责任探讨

互联网内容生态治理的目标之一是对不雅内容的法律监管,而搜索引擎服务客观上为不雅内容扩散提供了便捷条件,构成淫秽色情网站营利链条中的重要环节。司法实践表明搜索引擎所承担的私法范畴的侵权责任畸轻,客观上强化了“搜索引擎对第三方内容不承担责任”的豁免意识。淫秽色情内容的扩散与治理属公法责任,由于搜索引擎“链接”具有“传播”或“出版”的属性或功能,互联网行业自律规范明确禁止为不雅内容提供服务,刑事司法解释以及有关行政规章均明确设立了行政责任或刑事责任。鉴于搜索引擎所承担的过程性、专属性一般安全保障义务,链接儿童色情内容的应施加以刑事责任为主的严格责任,未尽“明知”注意义务的须加重承担刑事责任、行政责任,“未必的故意”帮助行为具有可罚性。     

网络文学色情化的表现及其对青少年的危害

网络文学的繁荣是世纪之交引人瞩目的文化现象之一,但当下网络文学质量江河日下、低俗化现象越来越严重,“色情”一度成为网络文学的标签和卖点。研究发现,网络文学的色情化主要体现在色情描写尺度大,传播错误性爱观和耽美风盛行三个方面。网络文学色情化不但会过早刺激青少年性欲望,还会淡化青少年性道德感和性责任感,耽美文学的盛行更是容易导致青少年同性恋倾向。增强网络文学的监管和整治力度、形成长期的监管模式,提高全社会道德水平和审美水平、提高网络写手的创作能力,转变网络文学的发表模式是遏制网络文学色情化比较有力的几个措施。     

The Social,Political, and Legal Construction of the Concept of Child Pornography

This article examines the construction of the concept of child pornography, developed in several Supreme Court decisions. New York v. Ferber (1982) New York v.Ferber. 102 S.Ct. 2248. Also 458 U.S. 747. 1982.  [Google Scholar] separated child pornography from adult obscenity, and soon thereafter almost all pictures of nude children became illegal. These images had been common in art and usually signified innocence, although they often had an erotic component. The assumption that images of nude youths can only be viewed erotically is a significant change. The justification—that children were hurt in producing child pornography, and that distribution (even no-cost distribution) and private possession contributed to that harm—does not hold up under analysis. It is statistically flawed and inconsistent with other Court decisions. Justice Kennedy's decision in Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coalition supports the argument that the images are forbidden because they challenge the ideology of the innocent child. Since erotic images of adults are common, understanding the different treatment of youths is important for understanding contemporary sexual politics.     

Internet Pornography Use,Body Ideals,and Sexual Self-Esteem in Norwegian Gay and Bisexual Men

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between perception of own appearance, Internet pornography consumption, preferences for pornographic actors’ appearance, and sexual self-esteem in gay and bisexual men in Norway. An online survey of 477 gay and bisexual men showed that, despite the prevailing muscular and lean gay body ideal, many men with less ideal bodies also preferred to watch pornographic actors with body types similar to their own. Self-perceived attractiveness, having an ideal body type, and viewing Internet pornography in longer sessions each made a unique contribution to higher self-esteem as a sexual partner. Preferring to watch pornographic actors with ideal bodies was not related to sexual self-esteem. The findings underscore the importance for gay or bisexual men of both self-perceived attractiveness and being athletic or young and fit, for a positive self-evaluation of sexual performance and competence.     

Studying the New Media

Studies of the impact of the media on people have not produced stable results, because they operate with an unrealistic view of audience members as an inert mass of passive recipients of what is aimed at them. Observation of television viewers in France, and the examples of amateur photography and pornography, show the importance of a more realistic view, taking account of the active participation of people in the creation of communication works and the worlds of arts that are not conventionally studied.     

Beyond privacy: bodily integrity as an alternative framework for understanding non-consensual pornography

ABSTRACT

Activists and legal scholars seeking remedies to non-consensual pornography (known colloquially as ‘revenge porn’) have generally framed it as a violation of privacy; however, the concept of privacy a fraught history, linked to women’s exclusion from the public sphere, denial of their sexual expression, and impunity for abusers. I argue that the concept of body integrity better maps onto the experiences described by victims, who seldom distinguish between digital representations of their body and the body itself and who often liken non-consensual pornography to sexual assault. However, a feminist approach to bodily integrity (rather than one rooted in classical liberalism) is require in order to account for the disproportionately negative consequences non-consensual pornography has for women.     

From Bad to Worse? Pornography Consumption,Spousal Religiosity,Gender, and Marital Quality

Pornography consumption is consistently associated with lower marital quality. Scholars have theorized that embeddedness within a religious community may exacerbate the negative association between pornography use and marital quality because of greater social or psychic costs to porn viewing. As a test and extension of this theory, I examine how being married to a religiously devout spouse potentially moderates the link between respondents' reported pornography consumption and their marital satisfaction. Data are taken from the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study. In the main effects, porn consumption is negatively related to marital satisfaction, while spousal religiosity is positively related to marital satisfaction. Interaction effects reveal, however, that spousal religiosity intensifies the negative effect of porn viewing on marital satisfaction. These effects are robust whether marital satisfaction is operationalized as a scale or with individual measures and whether spousal religiosity is measured with respondents' evaluations their spouses' religiosity or spouses' self‐reported religiosity measures. The effects are also similar for both husbands and wives. I argue that for married Americans, having a religiously committed spouse increases the social and psychic costs of porn consumption such that marital satisfaction decreases more drastically as a result.