高校校园文化建设的科学定位与转型走向

作为先进生产力知识形态和社会先进文化的重要发祥地,高校校园文化是亚文化中的高位文化,能发生巨大的示范、辐射、先导作用。其应有的科学的定位是:思想的先进性;鲜明的时代性;自身的开放性;主体的创造性。为消除现实中高校校园文化建设的诸多不利影响因素,必须充分实现高校校园文化建设的四大向度转型:由“精英型”转向“大众型”;由“教学———娱乐”型转向“寓教于乐———寓教于学———寓教于创”型;由“塔内文化”型转向“市场文化”型;传播方式集中转向网络型。     

品牌定位——山东茶品牌传播的"短板"

品牌定位是茶品牌传播的基础,确立有效的山东茶品牌定位需要从目标市场消费者的需求和购买动机、企业或产品自身的优势以及目标市场竞争者信息三个方面着手进行调研分析.目前山东茶品牌的定位存在同质化、空泛化、夸张化三种误区,严重影响品牌传播的效果.建议综合运用各种资源,多渠道、多层面挖掘有效的区分创意,提炼品牌定位点.     

论教师语言的特点

教师的语言素养对教师有着特殊的意义。要提高课堂教学水平,教师语言能力的提高是非常重要的环节。一般来说,教师的语言应具备艺术性、准确性、亲切性和启发性等特点。     

Empathic Accuracy and Aggression in Couples: Individual and Dyadic Links

The authors examined links between intimate partner aggression and empathic accuracy—how accurately partners can read one another's emotions—during highly affective moments from couples' (N = 109) video recall of laboratory‐based discussions of upsetting events. Less empathic accuracy between partners was generally related to higher levels of aggression by both partners. More specific patterns emerged based on the type of aggression and emotion being expressed. Women's poorer ability to read their partners' vulnerable and positive emotions was linked to both men's and women's greater physical and psychological aggression. Moreover, women's inaccuracy in reading their partner's hostility was linked to women's greater psychological aggression toward the men. Men's inaccuracy in reading their partner's hostility was linked to women's (not men's) greater physical and psychological aggression. The results suggest important nuances in the links between empathic inaccuracy and aggression, and implications for prevention and treatment of partner aggression are discussed.     

Validation of qualitative microbiological test methods

This paper considers a statistical model for the detection mechanism of qualitative microbiological test methods with a parameter for the detection proportion (the probability to detect a single organism) and a parameter for the false positive rate. It is demonstrated that the detection proportion and the bacterial density cannot be estimated separately, not even in a multiple dilution experiment. Only the product can be estimated, changing the interpretation of the most probable number estimator. The asymptotic power of the likelihood ratio statistic for comparing an alternative method with the compendial method, is optimal for a single dilution experiment. The bacterial density should either be close to two CFUs per test unit or equal to zero, depending on differences in the model parameters between the two test methods. The proposed strategy for method validation is to use these two dilutions and test for differences in the two model parameters, addressing the validation parameters specificity and accuracy. Robustness of these two parameters might still be required, but all other validation parameters can be omitted. A confidence interval‐based approach for the ratio of the detection proportions for the two methods is recommended, since it is most informative and close to the power of the likelihood ratio test. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reflections on Accuracy

The difference between test accuracy and predictive accuracy is presented and defined. The failure to distinguish between these two types of measures is shown to have led to a misguided debate over the interpretation of prevalence estimates. The distinction between test accuracy defined as sensitivity and specificity, and predictive accuracy defined as positive and negative predictive value is shown to reflect the choice of the denominator used to calculate true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative rates. It is further shown that any instrument will tend to overestimate prevalence in low base rate populations and underestimate it in those populations where prevalence is high. The implications of these observations are then discussed in terms of the need to define diagnostic thresholds that have clinical and policy relevance.     

Acceptance of Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology Among Dementia Clients and Family Caregivers

The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptance of Global Positioning System (GPS) used to help people with dementia, who are at risk for wandering in their communities. We used a mixed methods research approach that included use logs, pre and post paper-based questionnaires, and focus groups. Forty-five client-caregiver pairs (dyads) were included to use one of the GPS devices for an average of 5.8 months over a 1-year period. GPS acceptance was high; dyads were likely to continue using the GPS. According to the participants, the GPS provided caregivers peace of mind and reduced anxiety in dyads when clients got lost.     

Stepmother as electron: Positioning the stepmother in a family dinner conversation

This article proposes a discourse analysis of a family dinner conversation in which the participants are a father, a stepmother and a teenage daughter. Such analysis has social relevance insofar as roles within the stepfamily have not been either socially reshuffled or academically defined. The age-old myth about the wicked stepmother has provided the symbolic and discursive placement of stepmothers in contemporary American society in lieu of societal efforts to realistically define such a role. Thus, each case must define itself. My research examines a stepfamily's discourse about food as a window through which to view discursive strategies of inclusion and exclusion. I find that, in a situation where the child is a female teenager, a stepmother's identity is defined by positioning actively undertaken through the stepdaughter's discourse. Integrating a new parent into an existing unit is made far more difficult if the stepmother is seen as an outsider, who may be admitted to membership of the household, but not necessarily to the family.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Angela Williams and Jon F. Nussbaum, Intergenerational Communication across the Lifespan
Jan Blommaert, (ed.) Language Ideological Debates
Patrick Stevenson and John Theobald, Relocating Germanness: Discursive Disunity in Unified Germany]
Felicia D. Roberts, Talking about Treatment: Recommendations for Breast Cancer Adjuvant Therapy
Alison Sealey, Childly Language: Children, Language and the Social World
Una Cunningham-Andersson and Staffan Andersson, Growing up with Two Languages. A Practical Guide     

How Older People Position Their Late‐Life Childlessness: A Qualitative Study

This research explored how older people describe their paths to late‐life childlessness. In‐depth accounts from 38 childless older people, age 63–93, highlight the complex journeys and diverse meanings of childlessness for male and female participants, single and partnered, including some who had outlived children. Positioning theory is used to show how the conventional voluntary – involuntary binary is insufficient for capturing their experiences. Childlessness was for some an active choice to break a family violence cycle; for others, it was an outcome of social upheaval. It evoked feelings of both grief and relief over time, it was seen as evidence of discernment in being unwilling to parent at any price, or it was something that felt “natural” within a meaningful life. Rates of childlessness are increasing; this research highlights the fact that pathways and meanings of childlessness vary so much that it is unwise to assume that people have similar experiences of nonparenthood, especially in later life.