Using Community Members to Collect Observational Data: Observer Training and Data Quality Assessment

ABSTRACT

This article highlights a structured approach to preparing community members for observational data collection in participatory research. Providing training related to the items that will be observed and conducting post-training assessments of observer accuracy and interrater reliability provides researchers with a measure of observer readiness to collect data. In addition, reassessing observer accuracy and interrater reliability at the end of data collection offers a measure of confidence in the data collection process. Discussion of this approach includes addressing survey items with low observer percentage agreement scores and training and evaluation strategies for intermittent and extended data collection periods.     

基于无线传感网定位技术的老年公寓监护系统设计

文章设计了一种基于无线传感网定位技术的监护系统,详细阐述了系统结构、硬件电路和软件程序设计。实现了无线生理数据采集、节点定位等功能,有效克服了传统监护系统的弊端。通过实测和分析,系统性能稳定,满足应用要求,具有较高市场价值。     

刘勰的审美境界

刘勰的审美亮色主要集中在《文心雕龙》一书当中。择其大要,可以归纳为集锦美、普泛美和造化美三个大类。刘勰及其《文心雕龙》的品格主要集中在仕心美、文心美和道心美三个方面。刘勰礼佛、护法、出家,是其审美活动的重大表征。此类审美活动用智度来表述,更为恰切。智度是大乘佛学用语,为三世纪时印度龙树所创,意为“以大智慧到彼岸”。对刘勰而言,“以大智慧到彼岸”是其审美的更高境界。     

The nature of bank money,a case study of transformation in the Czech banking sector

The article examines the nature of bank money on two complementary levels. The first level deals with theoretical considerations. Here, the departure point is Social Positioning Theory, which provides a framework to investigate the nature of money. Within the theory, the paper situates bank money in credit-debt relations, that are themselves integral part of a wider productive-consumptive nexus of the economy. In this perspective, bank money is the relation, accounting economic positions of participating members, resulting from their economic activities realized within the context of the overall society. The second level uses the methods of Oral History and Memory Studies and, through semi-structured interviews, provides empirical material illustrating ideas about the nature of money in a specific historical form. The article thus explores the contrasting experiences of banking in the context of a centrally planned economy and banking in the transformation to a market economy. These two contrasting episodes are illustrative because of the significant change in the form of bank money, which brings to light various aspects of its nature. Moreover, the article utilizes interviews that present the lived experience of bankers with years of involvement in the sector, enriching the perspective on the issue under study.     

中国省域人口总数修订

人口统计数据是制定宏观经济政策和规划人口发展的基础。中国非普查年度人口总数常常与普查年度人口总数差异较大,而关于中国非普查年度人口统计数据修订的研究较少。建立省域人口增长率的固定效应模型,描述中国各省域人口总数的变化趋势,基于拟合模型和普查数据,提出中国省域人口总数修订方法,并对2001年至2009年中国省域人口总数进行修订,结果表明:2001年至2009年中国人口总数修订值与《中国统计年鉴》公布的人口总数之间存在差异,差异率低于0.5%;省域人口总数修订值变化相对平稳,在年度之间的变化幅度相对小,能够更合理反映各省域人口总数的发展趋势。     

中国对外农业援助的可持续发展——以援非农业技术示范中心为例

对非洲农业援助是当代中国外交的重要内容,也是中国参与全球治理和全球减贫的重要抓手。农业技术示范中心作为中国对非洲农业援助的新形式,通过示范、培训等活动,带动当地农业技术水平提高和农民脱贫致富,发挥了应有的技术示范效应。由于受到受援国本身农业发展体系、落后的农业生产方式、低水平的商业化等因素的限制, 农业技术示范中心可持续发展普遍面临诸多问题。中国对外农业援助的可持续发展需根据受援国国情,重新审视示范中心不同功能定位与受援国的互动关系:参与受援国农业发展顶层设计, 系统性布局中国农业对外援助;积极融入多边援助, 参与受援国全面建设;结合援助实际需求,争取受援国政策支持; 注重资源整合,促进产业链建设; 重视经营当地社会网络,适应受援国的政治关系。     

科学分类基础上的民办高校定位问题研究

借鉴国内外普通高校分类与定位的经验,针对我国民办高校在定位上的问题,提出“在分类基础上的民办高校定位”法,并对我国民办高校进行了分类与定位具体分析。     

施韦泽“敬畏生命”生态思想的学说史定位

在现代环境哲学和生态伦理学兴起和发展的过程中,一般都把施韦泽的敬畏生命理念定位为“生物中心主义伦理学”。但本文不限于对“敬畏生命”核心思想本身,而且联系其自然观念、文化观念和中国启示而进行的研究表明,从研究和借鉴施韦泽的生平和思想,实现中西思想精华积极互动的要求来看,我们有必要更合理地确定敬畏生命理念在现代环境哲学和生态伦理学发展史中的地位。     

论二语产出的三个衡量维度——复杂性、准确性、流利性

二语研究领域目前普遍以复杂性、准确性和流利性三个维度来衡量学习者语言产出或水平。然而,这三个维度无论是在其操作化定义还是在其测量方式上都存在颇多的争议。随着二语研究成果的不断丰富,人们对于语言发展的特点有了更为深入的认识。二语研究者需要重新审视这三个维度的有效性和充分性,努力在一些关键概念上达成共识,同时进一步探讨衡量学习者语言发展的其它维度。     

On the distribution of the estimated mean from nonstandard mixtures of distributions

The distribution of the estimated mean of the nonstandard mixture of distributions that has a discrete probability mass at zero and a gamma distribution for positive values is derived. Furthermore, for the studied nonstandard mixture of distributions, the distribution of the standardized statistic (estimator - true mean)/standard deviation of estimator is derived. The results are used to study the accuracy of the confidence interval for the mean based on a large sample approximation. Quantiles for the standardized statistic are also calculated.