科学研究信念史视角中的V·布什报告浅析

文章将万尼瓦尔·布什的报告《科学：没有止境的前沿》放在美国科学研究信念演变的历史长河中来解读。从科学研究信念史的角度来看,布什通过巧妙地处理战前存在的各种针锋相对的研究信念,成为战后美国初期的文化权威。而对布什信念的反思与超越直接导致了美国现代科学研究信念的形成。     

‘If I were given the chance’: understanding the use of leisure time by adults with learning disabilities

Despite UK government policy emphasising the rights and choices of people with learning disabilities, opportunities to choose fulfilling leisure activities remain severely constrained. Following a brief literature review we present a co-inquiry study developing a deeper understanding of the persistent space between actual and desired use of leisure time. We explore the potential of the capability approach to aid understanding of learning disabled people’s constrained choices of leisure activities, and constrained roles as researchers, as matters of human rights and social justice.     

从毛泽东到习近平：请示报告制度的继承与发展

请示报告制度是建党以来一以贯之的优良传统和重要纪律，其历史演变包括初步探索、创立及巩固、重建与强化、突破与创新等四个阶段，其职责与使命旨在维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记基于新时代世情国情党情，在继承毛泽东建立请示报告制度的基本理论和方法时，进一步吸收了邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛提出的加强党的领导是执行请示报告制度的根本目的、发挥领导干部主体作用是执行请示报告制度的重要保证等观点，找准了加强新时代党的全面领导的重要抓手，提出了执行党的民主集中制的有效工作机制，创造性地将“以人民为中心”作为价值引领，坚持以党章为根本遵循，将请示报告制度向党内法规创新转变作为重要切入点，为推动请示报告制度在新时代的发展和创新提供了理论指导。     

Club forms of activities and creation of educational environment promoting the development of social work students

ABSTRACT

The article presents research on extracurricular forms of club activity as one of the important components of educational activity of social work students at University of Ruse, Bulgaria. The purpose of the research is to identify the impact of this type of extracurricular activity on the formation of positive attitudes towards people of different ethnic background and towards persons with disabilities, stimulating their cognitive, professional and social development. A sample has been formed and research tools have been used that is consistent to the purpose and specificity of the research. The results of the statistical processing of empirical data and their analysis confirm the accepted purpose. They reveal the role and importance of extracurricular forms of club activity to create an interactive learning environment and conditions that form positive attitudes towards the target groups and stimulate students: integrate acquired values, knowledge, skills into curriculum activities with practical experience and detailed information about outside groups; consciously and motivated to includes in equal, tolerant and non-discriminatory interactions in different interpersonal systems; to enhance their cultural competence; to appreciate diversity in the community and society. In synthesis, the presented aspects contribute to the cognitive, professional and social development of social work students.     

Industrial Safety and Utopia: Insights from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident

Feedback from industrial accidents is provided by various state or even international, institutions, and lessons learned can be controversial. However, there has been little research into organizational learning at the international level. This article helps to fill the gap through an in‐depth review of official reports of the Fukushima Daiichi accident published shortly after the event. We present a new method to analyze the arguments contained in these voluminous documents. Taking an intertextual perspective, the method focuses on the accident narratives, their rationale, and links between “facts,” “causes,” and “recommendations.” The aim is to evaluate how the findings of the various reports are consistent with (or contradict) “institutionalized knowledge,” and identify the social representations that underpin them. We find that although the scientific controversy surrounding the results of the various inquiries reflects different ethical perspectives, they are integrated into the same utopian ideal. The involvement of multiple actors in this controversy raises questions about the public construction of epistemic authority, and we highlight the special status given to the International Atomic Energy Agency in this regard.     

Positive dependence and monotonicity in conditional distributions

Positively dependent random variables exhibit the property that an extreme value of one of the variables tends to be accompanied by extreme values of the others. In this paper we define two notions of positive dependence which lead to monotonicity theorems for conditional distributions.     

Dependence Structure of a Class of Symmetric Distributions

Abstract

In this article, dependence structure of a class of symmetric distributions is considered. Let X and Y be two n-dimensional random vectors having such distributions. We investigate conditions on the generators of densities of X and Y such that X is MTP₂, and X and Y can be compared in the multivariate likelihood ratio order. Nonnegativity of the covariance between functions of two adjacent order statistics of X is also given.     

Strict Positive Definiteness of a Product of Covariance Functions

Positive definiteness represents an admissibility condition for a function to be a covariance. Nevertheless, the more restricted condition of strict positive definiteness has received attention in literature, especially in spatial statistics, since it ensures that the kriging system has a unique solution. Most known covariance functions are isotropic but there are applications where isotropy is not appropriate, e.g., space-time covariance functions. One way to construct non-isotropic covariance functions is to use a product or a product-sum. In this article, it is given a necessary as well as a sufficient condition for a product of two covariance functions to be strictly positive definite. This result is extended to the well-known product-sum covariance model.     

领导成员交换的研究述评及其展望

在领导理论研究领域,领导成员交换理论不同于均等式领导理论,而是针对领导和员工相互关系的质量进行研究,已有研究主要围绕领导成员交换的测量、积极作用及其影响因素和形成过程进行研究,并未将领导成员交换纳入到更为广泛的组织关系网络中深入研究领导与其上司的关系、团队变量等因素的重要作用,也未解决为什么领导和员工的LMX不一致性等问题。鉴于此,论文在梳理以往研究成果的基础上,主要从LMX一致性和LMX卓越、LMX质量和性质对领导态度与行为的影响、团队层面因素在LMX和员工态度与行为之间的作用、领导员工交换关系中领导与其上司关系的重要性四个方面指出未来研究应关注的研究方向。     

中国佛教与古代科技的发展

在历史上,中国佛教对古代科技发展产生过很大的作用和影响。英国学者李约瑟认为"总起来说佛教的作用是强烈的阻碍作用",这未免失于偏颇。中国佛教具有三个与科技发展紧密相关的重要特点,并通过四条主要途径介入和影响了古代科技的发展,对古代科技的发展主要起到了积极的和促进的影响。