论儿童、家庭和国家之关系

儿童,首先是独立的人,是独立的权利主体,是家庭、社会中的平等成员,其次才是父母的孩子.对儿童而言,父母、家庭、国家和社会承担的最重要任务是为儿童提供能使其成长为具有自决自治能力的负责任的公民所需要的各种条件.各方主体行使权利、承担责任,应以优先保护儿童利益为原则,以儿童利益最大化为目标,以不损害儿童权益为底线.家庭,是人类迄今为止确保儿童健康成长的最普遍的成功经验.在近现代社会,父母权利的基础和依据就是他们是最适合照顾自己孩子之人;或者可以说,父母是一种“公益岗位”,赋予资格就是为了抚养教育子女成年.国家立法不仅确认父母、家庭承担抚养教育儿童的责任,而且监督父母履行义务.儿童享有获得政府保护、要求政府履行义务的权利.基于父母能力的局限性和家庭功能的弱化,国家应当更积极地承担起其“家长”责任,为家庭提供必要的扶助,必要时直接替代父母承担责任,而且尽可能提高儿童福利水平.为克服我国现行法律保障儿童权益之明显不足,我国立法应当细化监护人的选任和改定,完善监护制度;增设儿童抚养费给付垫付制;尽快制定儿童福利法,使所有儿童均享有适当抚养和教育,优先照护;建立职业化的社会工作者队伍;开放保护儿童利益的公益诉讼.     

普陀山送子观音与儒家孝德思想的对话

普陀山送子观音、<二十四孝图>和莲花石刻蕴涵着印度原创佛教的生殖崇拜,体现了"不孝有三,无后为大"、"多子多福"、"母以子贵"等中国传统伦理思想,是观音文化与儒家孝道的融合.     

欧美国家反洗钱金融防范及其对我国的启示

文章阐释了欧美国家反洗钱金融防范体系中核心部分的相关措施,旨在说明市场经济条件下我国反洗钱金融防范面临的问题及原因,并对我国建立与健全反洗钱金融防范体系提出了一些具有建设性的意见.     

中西复仇时间观念的差异——《哈姆莱特》与《赵氏孤儿》的比较

《哈姆莱特》与《赵氏孤儿》两部戏剧同是写复仇,但却传递出了中西两种截然相反的复仇时间观念——对哈姆莱特复仇延宕的批评和对赵氏孤儿二十载大仇终得报的褒扬。本文认为,复仇时间观念是一个民族之文化的组成部分,是民族自身的情感与社会进程中的思潮、伦理、道德等多方面因素经过不断整和而形成的。中西复仇时间观念的盖异原因来自于观念的母体——民族文化,根源于当时社会的主流思想。     

The Position of the Customs Law in the Legal System

The article considers the position of customs law in the legal system. It starts with changes concerning the phenomenon known as customs policy. The customs policy of the European Union is a foundation of the Union and an essential element in the functioning of the single market. All these changes have to be regulated by law; one of the branches is financial law. It represents a system of legal rules regulating the social and economic relationships that emerge in the process of generating, distributing, and using the centralised and decentralised monetary funds (financial resources) in the environment of the state and of self-governing administrative units, in the interest of providing for financial coverage of the fulfilment of their respective functions. The Slovak legal system and its individual branches including financial law can be characterised on the basis of certain principles. These represent basic goals, rules, and requirements expressing the substance and main focus of a particular branch of law. These principles are described. The second part of the article concerns the position of customs law, which here represents a system of legal rules regulating the social and economic relationships emerging in the process of movement of goods over the customs border. Customs law has its own development and is given a new dimension and dynamics by the common European area in the form of the European Union. The article concludes with the position of customs law, defining it as a subsection of financial law.     

公司收购中控股股东权利滥用的法律规制

我国《上市公司收购管理办法》将反收购的决定权赋予了股东大会。但我国股权结构的特殊性决定了控股股东完全可以操纵股东大会,损害中小股东及收购方的利益。为了防止目标公司控股股东在公司收购中滥用权利,维护私利,治本之计在于国有股的减持和机构投资者的培育,当务之急是在《公司法》的修订中增加控股股东信义义务和表决权排除制度的规定。     

The US–China trade war and Phase One agreement

The Trump administration changed US trade policy toward China in ways that will take years for researchers to sort out. This paper makes four specific contributions to that research agenda. The first is to carefully mark the timing, definitions, and scale of the products subject to the tariff changes affecting US–China trade from January 20, 2017 through January 20, 2021. One result was each country increasing its average duty on the other to rates of roughly 20 percent, with the new tariffs and counter-tariffs covering more than 50 percent of bilateral trade. The second contribution is to highlight two additional channels through which bilateral tariffs changed during this period that received less research attention. One tariff change is through product exclusions, another is trade remedy policies of antidumping and countervailing duties. The third contribution is to provide an initial exploration into why China fell more than 40 percent short of meeting the goods purchase commitments set out under the first year of the Phase One agreement. The last contribution is to consider additional trade policy actions—involving forced labor, export controls for reasons of national security or human rights, and reclassification of trade with Hong Kong—likely to affect US–China trade beyond the Trump administration.     

社会救助的国家责任之研究

社会救助旨在维护社会成员的生命权和生存权,满足社会成员最基本的需求。本文通过分析我国社会救助的现状和不足,借鉴国外先进经验,立足本国国情,提出我国现代救助体系的健全和完善,需要国家责任的全面确立,并从理论层面上提出一些加强社会救助的国家责任的可行性建议。     

关于企业人力资源的几个伦理问题

人的伦理和美德是一种资本 ,是可以提高使用效益的资本。本文分析了人力资源理论与实务中的几个基本的价值判断和伦理选择问题 ,包括企业基本价值观和企业责任、职业经理人的职业化与职业道德问题、人力资源经理的素质与伦理决策、员工招聘中的品德测试、培训中的价值引导等。作者基于多年的企业咨询和企业文化研究经验 ,结合实际案例进行分析     

股份有限公司发起人若干问题研究

在股份有限公司设立过程中,发起人是必要条件之一。新公司法出台后,关于股份有限公司发起人的相关立法和司法实践中仍有一些问题需要进一步明确。英美法系中的发起人含义与大陆法系不同,我国公司法应明确发起人的形式要件,即在公司章程上签章。关于发起人的资格,我国公司法应规定其任职的消极条件,同时课以信托义务。