重庆市农机化发展现状与对策

略述了重庆市农机化发展的历史与现状,分析了农机化发展进程存在的主要问题,进一步阐明了农机化发展的重点和目标,提出了农机化发展的对策。     

论《体育与健康》新课程中的合作学习

运用观察法、文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,分析合作学习的内涵、要素,针对体育与健康新课程中的合作学习,从理念与实践操作两个层面,提出了实施策略与建议。     

Patterns of Giving in South Africa

Abstact This paper reflects on the results of a national quantitative survey on giving in South Africa. It explores the extent and character of giving; who gives, to whom, with what intention? The survey results revealed that South Africa is richly resourced with a diverse and multicultural spectrum of giving behaviors, which are commonplace in everyday life. The spectrum of giving behaviors is so diverse in shape and form that it contradicts many of the basic assumptions of the philanthropic literature, which locate the act of giving primarily in the domain of the wealthy and powerful.     

American Young Adults’ Rural-to-Urban Migration and Timing of Exits from Poverty Spells

This study examined the timing of exit from poverty among rural young adults who migrated to urban areas in the United States, using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, with a focus on gender and marital status. Poverty spells that involved relocation to urban areas lasted longer than those that did not. Poverty exit rates upon relocation to urban areas declined each year the young adults remained in poverty, but the impact remaining in urban areas had on reduced poverty exit rates diminished when family characteristics, human capital, and labor market factors were controlled.This research was supported by the United States Department of Agricultural through the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station and also by the Jagdish N. Sheth Foundations Association for Consumer Research Public-Purpose Dissertation Award. An earlier version of this paper was prepared for a presentation at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting 2001, Washington DC. We thank Deborah Godwin and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and Karen Braxley for editorial assistance and insightful comments.     

非同类企业竞争与合作策略收益模型及风险分析

在比较同类企业竞争策略模型与合作策略模型的基础上,讨论了价格的信息作用,分析了合作策略收益更大和风险并不随之增加的原因。然后以现代决策理念为出发点,探讨了企业最大利润与企业条件的关系,提出了与企业单位变动成本和生产能力条件相适应的合理最大利润的概念,对“理性企业的假设”赋予了“追求与企业条件相适应的合理最大利润”的新含义。据此设计了非同类企业产量分配函数,建立了适用性更广的非同类企业合作策略最佳收益模型,并给出了随市场价格变化的企业最佳应对策略。最后用1个算例来直观体现合作策略的优势。     

中小企业集群战略与西北区域经济发展

针对西北经济落后的现状,本文在讨论聚集经济各种优势的基础上,认为进行新的定向劳务输出是西部欠发达地区实施中小企业集群战略的重要措施。     

析"先发制人"战略对国际法治的冲击与影响--兼评联合国集体安全体制改革

"先发制人"战略,即美国所称的"预防性自卫权",给国际法治特别是给<联合国宪章>以及以宪章为基础的集体安全体制带来了巨大的冲击和影响,使联合国一度出现边际化的危险."先发制人"战略是国际法治多边力量发展失衡的产物.面对与<联合国宪章>制定时期完全不同的当今国际社会,如何完善宪章,合理发展国际法,成为摆在联合国面前的一项重要任务.     

亚太安全形势再审视--从美亚太军事战略调整进行的分析

冷战结束后,美一直对其全球军事战略进行缓慢调整."9.11"恐怖袭击加速了美全球军事战略调整的步伐,促使美开始了冷战后规模最大的一次全球军事战略调整.美将亚太地区作为此次军事战略调整的重点,将对亚太安全形势造成不容忽视的影响.对中国这个亚太地区大国来说,如何应对亚太新的安全形势,维护中国的国家安全,提高中国在亚太地区的国际地位,是中国战略决策者面临的崭新课题.     

Trends among social assistance recipients in Sweden since 1945

The proportion of the Swedish population that receives means-tested social assistance has not decreased since 1945. This has been cited as a surprising research finding, since there has been a general increase in the standard of living and in income equality during the same period. The income of assistance recipients is no lower than for a substantial minority of the non-recipient population. This analysis shows that assistance recipients differ from others with low incomes in that they have less wealth and more problems concerning welfare or standard of living. It is shown that groups that traditionally have had an overrepresentation of assistance recipients have generally increased in size since 1945. Even though supply-side hypotheses cannot be ruled out as explanations for the non-decrease of social assistance, evidence indicates the persistence of people in need of assistance due to their marginal economic position in the Swedish welfare state.     

Poverty and social conditions in Poland during the transformation to a market economy

The social welfare system in Poland was changed during the 1990s. The full employment policy, as a guarantee for social security, was abandoned and the institutions through which social resources were distributed were replaced. State-owned enterprises previously fulfilled certain social functions; the necessary resources came from state subsidies and from obligatory funds: housing and social funds as well as a proportion of wage costs. Thus, the prices of many types of important consumption goods (such as food and housing) were fixed at a relatively low level. The elimination of subsidies resulted in the bankruptcy of many state-owned enterprises which, in turn, led to the diminished importance of the social security function of industrial enterprises. Their role in the newly created social welfare system was taken over by social welfare centers, through which assistance was distributed to those in need. Besides the traditional recipients of social assistance, a growing number of unemployed people, who comprise approximately 14% of the productively active citizens, have also begun collecting assistance.