论明初的皇权统治与出版

明代出版被普遍认为是中国古代出版的巅峰,但事实上明代各个阶段的出版活动呈现出较大差异。在明初的洪武至宣德时期,出版活动陷入了一个低谷,活跃程度和整体态势甚至不及元末,其主要原因在于该时期的出版受到皇权专制统治思想的制约,主要表现为:明初统治者对图书出版的重视在一定程度上囿于制书出版,对民间出版基本上一致表现为严控与压制,其目的在于进行思想教化,维护专制统治。另外,明初文人在专制统治的政治背景下被皇权集体压制,致使他们的社会地位不高,命运悲惨,这也使私人出版行为受到严重打击。从宏观形态来看,明初的出版事实上成为皇权统治的工具,体现了当时的一种统治思想。     

农业劳动力老龄化对土地利用效率的影响

通过构建农业劳动力老龄化—要素投入—土地利用效率的理论分析框架,从个体维度、家庭维度实证分析劳动密集型农产品生产中农业劳动力老龄化对土地利用效率的影响。研究表明：随着决策者年龄增加,倾向于依靠自我剥削机制增加自用工投入,家庭老龄化程度负向影响自用工投入、资金投入,对土地利用效率产生消极影响;增加劳动、雇工、资金投入有利于提高土地利用效率,但土地净生产率更依赖于农户自有生产要素。决策者受教育程度、农业机械固定资产原值、苹果收入占比、土地流入、细碎化程度、有效灌溉面积占比、是否获得政府补贴正向影响土地利用效率,决策者年医疗费用、家庭土地规模、自然灾害、村里是否有技术员负向影响土地利用效率。据此,应通过引导土地合理流转、关注农民健康与收益分配化解农业劳动力老龄化的消极影响,通过向农民投资、强化补贴与灾害预警增强农户的土地利用能力。     

论行政机关提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的正当性与可行性

行政机关提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的正当性,源于它是行政权与司法权相互配合从而履行国家环保义务、实现环境保护目标的实践.建立完善生态环境损害赔偿制度应当立足司法实际需要,通过行政权与司法权在诉讼各阶段的合理配置,使行政机关提起的生态环境损害赔偿诉讼获得更高效的判决、更有力度的执行.为此,应当完善诉讼的提起与推动、判决的做出与执行等全过程制度建设.     

Consumer Capital Market Constraints and Guaranteed Renewable Insurance

This paper analyzes a market in which individuals can purchase guaranteed renewable insurance policies to insure against the risk of loss in the current period and the risk of an increased probability of loss. Individuals who cannot borrow will purchase partially guaranteed renewable insurance at most. Relatively impatient individuals may purchase policies with no guaranteed renewability features. Without borrowing, the results are similar regardless of whether consumers can save.     

Social Indeterminacy

An extension of Condorcet's paradox by McGarvey (1953) asserts that for every asymmetric relation R on a finite set of candidates there is a strict‐preferences voter profile that has the relation R as its strict simple majority relation. We prove that McGarvey's theorem can be extended to arbitrary neutral monotone social welfare functions that can be described by a strong simple game G if the voting power of each individual, measured by the Shapley–Shubik power index, is sufficiently small. Our proof is based on an extension to another classic result concerning the majority rule. Condorcet studied an election between two candidates in which the voters' choices are random and independent and the probability of a voter choosing the first candidate is p>1/2. Condorcet's jury theorem asserts that if the number of voters tends to infinity then the probability that the first candidate will be elected tends to one. We prove that this assertion extends to a sequence of arbitrary monotone strong simple games if and only if the maximum voting power for all individuals tends to zero.     

基于议程设置的高校思想政治教育创新

议程设置作为传播学、政治学等学科的经典理论之一,在传播效用和舆论导向方面具有独特优势.思想政治教育与议程设置作为特殊的信息及文化传播活动,旨在引导受众的价值观念和塑造客体行为习惯,二者在目标、过程和载体等方面具有内在一致性,运用议程设置的原理和方法有助于高校思想政治教育的创新.新时代高校思想政治教育应把握受众导向需求,科学设置议题;当好信息把关人,掌控舆论主导权;优化传播机制,营造育人氛围;加强平台建设,实现多元化传播,从而提升高校思想政治教育的亲和力与实效性,实现立德树人的根本目的.     

无为范畴探析

文章通过老子思想体系透视无为范畴,多层面地展示了其内涵。     

抗日战争与中国革命力量的迅猛发展

抗战时期,中国共产党在毛泽东为代表的党中央的正确领导下,审时度势,抓住难得的历史机遇,充分利用国内中日民族矛盾上升,抗日救国热情高涨,国际反法西斯统一战线形成的有利条件,制定了一条正确的政治路线及其相应的政策和策略,从而使中国革命力量转危为安,并迅猛发展,为抗日战争的彻底胜利和中国民族民主革命的全面胜利奠定了基础。     

幂级数的求和公式

运用微积分算子和它们的运算性质,得出幂级数的求和公式。     

An Adaptive,Rate‐Optimal Test of a Parametric Mean‐Regression Model Against a Nonparametric Alternative

We develop a new test of a parametric model of a conditional mean function against a nonparametric alternative. The test adapts to the unknown smoothness of the alternative model and is uniformly consistent against alternatives whose distance from the parametric model converges to zero at the fastest possible rate. This rate is slower than n^−1/2. Some existing tests have nontrivial power against restricted classes of alternatives whose distance from the parametric model decreases at the rate n^−1/2. There are, however, sequences of alternatives against which these tests are inconsistent and ours is consistent. As a consequence, there are alternative models for which the finite‐sample power of our test greatly exceeds that of existing tests. This conclusion is illustrated by the results of some Monte Carlo experiments.