老子之道、孔子之道与社会和谐

老子和孔子是我国古代阐道、弘道、体道的最伟大思想家.尽管他们的"道"有着互不相同的内涵和特点,但却始终贯穿着"和谐"意蕴;尽管他们的理想之道及体"道"之途互有差异,但他们都从"天下无道"的社会现实出发,致力于实现天、地、人和谐相处的"有道"社会.这对于我们今天以科学发展观为指导,构建社会主义和谐社会无疑具有重大的借鉴意义.如运用孔老道论促进经济建设、国防建设和文化建设的和谐发展,运用孔老关于天道、地道、人道相互和谐统一思想促进社会主义荣辱观、道德观建设,运用孔老之道协调科学精神与人文精神的和谐共进等.     

信息服务与知识服务的比较研究

知识与信息既有区别,又有联系,知识服务和信息服务在本质、内涵、服务方式上都有区别,二者的联系在于具有相同的作用,都以信息和信息技术为支撑,在发展中是相互促进的,从信息服务到知识服务的嬗变是大势所趋,知识服务是信息服务发展的必然结果.     

创新大学生社会实践的思考与对策

在构建和谐社会的创新改革时代,社会实践已成为加强和改进大学生的思想政治教育、培养创新、创造和创业型人才的重要环节,但在组织保障、活动内容与专业知识结构、监测标准与评价体系、活动形式与成果消化、思想教育与能力培养等方面存在着一定的问题.社会实践应注意在加强组织领导、立足思想教育、创新内容形式、转换载体品味、对接市场需求、实施专业指导、总结评价标准、建立服务保障体系等方面全面创新,才能适应和谐社会对创新型人才培养的要求.     

论知识型教学管理的创新与实践

学院教学管理是综合性大学教学管理的核心,学院教学管理应向知识型教学管理转变.按照教学运行管理层次的不同,知识型教学管理可分成过程管理、信息管理、知识管理三个由低到高的层次;从知识管理的角度讲,它又是一个静态与动态相结合的知识系统.实施知识型教学管理要求对教学业务流程进行规范和重组,提高教学管理的信息化程度,加强教学管理的自学习、自适应机制建设,这是学院教学实现知识化管理的必由之路.     

以目的与背景知识为双条件的逻辑AKC

首先,我们构造以目的和背景知识为双条件的条件句系统AKC,给出它的一些证明论结果。其次,我们引入有序邻域语义,给出描述AKC的特征公理和推理规则的框架条件,证明AKC相对这些框架条件是框架可靠的。最后,我们证明AKC相对这些框架条件也是框架完全的。     

博弈论的逻辑和认知基础

当代博弈论研究的重要课题是其逻辑和认知基础问题。知识模型的提出,澄清了博弈均衡与认知条件的关系。关于共同知识、共同信念的分析开拓了博弈论分析视野,推进了对冲突和合作的科学理解。从博弈均衡分析到认知逻辑分析、交互主体认识论的发展,表明博弈论的逻辑、认知以及哲学基础的深化,预示它正在成为社会科学的统一分析框架。     

Trustworthiness in evaluation practice: an emphasis on the relational

As canons for trustworthiness developed explicitly in the discourse of qualitative inquiry, the emphasis was on procedural matters rather than fundamentally relational ones. A nod was made to the relational in such strategies as “member checks” but the issues of how the evaluator actually relates to participants and to the larger communities of practice and discourse—matters subsumed under moral principles and ethical standards—were often marginalized. This chapter posits that the first consideration in designing and conducting rigorous evaluation inquiry, and in critiquing the results of any research, should be the study's trustworthiness. Judging a study's trustworthiness, however, should focus on much more than procedural matters; it should also rely on moral principles and ethical standards which specifically address how we relate to an evaluation's participants. Central to these considerations are cross-cultural sensibilities about the nuanced meanings associated with any principles and standards. The chapter provides a theoretical framework for this position and offers two illustrative examples in the form of dialogues.     

Ordering competition: the interactional accomplishment of the sale of art and antiques at auction

Auctions provide an institutional solution to a social problem; they enable the legitimate pricing and exchange of goods where those goods are of uncertain value. In turn, auctions raise a number of social and organizational issues that are resolved within the interaction that arise in sales by auction. In this paper, we examine sales of fine art, antiques and objets d'art and explore the ways in which auctioneers mediate competition between buyers and establish a value for goods. In particular, we explore how bids are elicited, co-ordinated and revealed so as to rapidly escalate the price of goods in a transparent manner that enables the legitimate valuation and exchange of goods. In directing attention towards the significance of the social interaction, including talk, visual and material conduct, the paper contributes to the growing corpus of ethnographic studies of markets. It suggests that to understand the operation of markets and their outcomes, and to unpack issues of agency, trust and practice, we need to place the 'interaction order' at the heart of analytic agenda.     

The changing practice of eating: evidence from UK time diaries, 1975 and 2000

This paper examines some central themes about change in consumption behaviour through an empirical investigation of the practice of eating. It analyses patterns of food consumption in the UK using time diary data from 1975 and 2000. The practice of eating is decomposed into four component activities which are used to explore systematically the inter-relationships between social processes - such as commodification and temporal fragmentation - and ways of providing and consuming food. It charts the expansion of eating out, the degree to which it substitutes for other eating activities, and the implications of its development for social relations and the temporal organization of daily life. Analysis reveals that food consumption continues to be differentiated along established lines of social division, although the content of those divisions has changed and varies across components of the practice. Increasing commodification of the food chain is documented, but without appearing to have a corrosive impact on household organization or social relationships. While tendencies indicative of temporal fragmentation are revealed, counter-tendencies exist which suggest that the practice of eating is resilient to many forms of external pressure. Finally, the application of a practice-based analytical approach permits critical evaluation of theories of social transformation.     

应用化学专业创新人才培养实践教学环节的思考与探索

以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为主线,论述应用化学专业实践教学的重要性。对如何深化实践教学改革、提高实验、实习教学水平、提升毕业设计(论文)质量进行有益的探索。