Relations among Sadness Regulation,Peer Acceptance,and Social Functioning in Early Adolescence: The Role of Gender

Using a multi‐informant approach, this study examined emotion regulation within the social context of White and Black adolescent peer groups by assessing two aspects of sadness expression management (i.e., inhibition, disinhibition) and their linkages to peer acceptance and social functioning as a function of gender and ethnicity. Seventh‐ and eighth‐grade adolescents (N = 155, 52 percent female, 54.8 percent Black) completed self‐reports and peer nominations of sadness management and sociometric ratings of peer acceptance. Parents rated their child's social competence and social problems. Results revealed specific patterns of sadness regulation across informants that were associated with social functioning and varied by gender, but not ethnicity. Boys were more likely than girls to minimize sadness displays; boys who violated this pattern had lower peer acceptance and higher parent‐rated social problems. In contrast, although girls were rated as displaying overt sadness more frequently than boys, this was unrelated to peer acceptance.     

Preschoolers' Bistrategic Resource Control,Reconciliation, and Peer Regard

Bistrategic resource control entails using both coercive and prosocial strategies in competition for resources. The present study sought to clarify whether bistrategic involves more than simply using both strategies some of the time. Examining 88 preschoolers' coercion and prosociality over an entire school year, results showed that coercive resource control was used most frequently at the start of the school year, presumably to access resources and establish social dominance. Rates of prosocial resource control increased over the school year, and socially dominant preschoolers showed higher rates compared with peers, presumably to maintain resource control while keeping peers as allies. Socially dominant preschoolers also used reconciliation more often than peers, resulting in higher rates of affiliation between former competitors and more positive peer regard from fall to spring. Findings are discussed in terms of resource control theory and the importance of situating social behaviors within the behavioral and relationship context in which they are embedded.     

“人性”新探

人性问题的提出乃源自人“形而上”的思维倾向,人性是什么？人性如何？古今中外人们对此作了不同的定义和界说：中西人性论有着各自的路径、内容以及对社会文化的影响;中国当前则有“社会属性说”、“两性说”、“共同本性说”三种主要的人性论。总结中西人性探究的理论得失．可知合理之人性探究应遵循的若干基本规则或前提。而人性的新的理论界说可以为：追求生存优越。     

逻辑学推理论亟需补充基本规则

逻辑是从形式的角度研究推理前提的真如何传递到结论。这就要求,前提形式不能为永假式,而且结论与前提必须有真值的传递关系,这是推理得以成立的两个基本前提。因而,它应作为推理操作的基本规则。然而,现行逻辑学推理论对此是缺失的,亟需补充。     

邓小平与中美关系正常化

作为20世纪国际关系领域最引人注目的事件之一，中美关系正常化既是本世纪国际局势和中美两国国内形势发展变化的结果，也与中美两国领导人高瞻远瞩、审时度势的政治睿智和勇气密不可分。毛泽东、尼克松、周恩来、基辛格首先打破中美关系的坚冰，奠定了中美新型关系的坚实基础。邓小平在中美关系正常化的直接参与和决策过程中发挥了极其重要的作用，实现了毛泽东晚年为之奋斗的宏伟目标。     

论我国企业的危机公关--以"特富龙"事件为例

任何组织在成长过程中无一例外都会经历各种各样的危机.若无有效的快速反应和处理机制,一旦危机爆发,就只能仓促上阵,被动应对,如处理不当,殚精竭虑建设起来的组织形象就可能毁于一旦.因此,任何组织都应该而且必须重视危机公关处理.而杜邦公司"特富龙"事件处理方法无疑是个成功案例,值得我国企业学习和借鉴.     

商鞅变法得失新析

商鞅变法是战国时期最为彻底的一次封建化改革活动。这次变法既有值得后来改革者认真总结和借鉴的一系列成功的宝贵经验,也有不少极为沉重的历史教训。     

我国行政伦理失范成因的社会文化环境分析

当前我国行政伦理失范的重要成因之一是几千年来我国传统文化对人们私人选择和公共选择行为的作用。文章试图通过对中国传统文化中的"官本位"、"人伦文化"以及"非规则化的规则化"3个部分来解释当前行政人员伦理失范行为的文化基础,指出正确地认识社会文化环境在当前发挥的强大惯性和运作基础,对于我国行政伦理的重构具有重要的现实意义。     

日本民族的文化心理对日本外交关系的影响

独特的地缘环境和历史进程使日本民族形成了狂妄自大又极端自卑的矛盾心理,因此日本在价值取向和行为选择上呈现出极端对立的两面性,反映在外交上就是追求建立强权式的霸道王国,推行攀附强权的外交路线,奉行弱肉强食的外交原则.日本的国际形象也因而受到了严重损害.日本民族只有克服和超越唯我独尊的自大意识和民族虚无的自卑心理,才能取信于邻国和国际社会,摆脱孤立,真正成为有持久国际影响力的世界大国.     

The Imagination and Social Life

Sociology gives almost no consideration to the imagination. Yet, as this study seeks to demonstrate, the imagination plays an important role in social life. This article examines the question of how the imagination enters into ongoing interpersonal relations, taking as a case study cross-national couples and their discussions about where to live. Findings from semi-structured interviews with thirty-seven individuals in cross-national relationships suggest that the imagination enters into the lives of couples in four ways: imaginings suggest to partners where they would like to live; partners use the imagination as a tool to access and advance a preference, either together or individually; partners frame the desires of the other as fantasy as a way of countering these desires; and lastly, spouses tolerate an undesirable situation by engaging in escapist fantasies. Finally, this study suggests that the imagination permeates our decision-making, routinely enters our thoughts, is a domain in which individuals immerse themselves regularly, and, in the form of collective imaginings, can inspire social change.