外层空间命运共同体构建略论

长期以来, 外空安全治理结构失衡, 美国为维护其全球霸权阻挠外空军控的国际努力。国际社会关于外空军控谈判正处于攻坚阶段, 同时也面临着美国的战略遏制与\     

时光长河之上的灵魂相遇

英国 19世纪的桂冠诗人华滋华斯 (WilliamWordsworth)与散文家匡燮在创作思维中有着许多的相似之处。他们在灵性空间的共同感受 ,在时空意识和生命观念两个层面展示了他们思维的契合点。     

试谈夫妻财产制度

夫妻财产制度，是有关夫妻财产的归属、管理、收益、使用和处分，夫妻债务的清偿，夫妻家庭生活等费用的负担，婚姻终止时夫妻财产的清算和分割，对外财产责任等的法律制度，是适用对象范围相当广泛的一项重要的财产制度。在私有经济等多种经济形式迅速发展今天，夫妻财产的内容和形式都有了较大了变化，呈现出多样化与复杂化趋势，对夫妻财产制度问题的即时探讨，有着重要的现实意义。     

Category Distinguishability and Observer Agreement

It is common in the medical, biological, and social sciences for the categories into which an object is classified not to have a fully objective definition. Theoretically speaking the categories are therefore not completely distinguishable. The practical extent of their distinguishability can be measured when two expert observers classify the same sample of objects. It is shown, under reasonable assumptions, that the matrix of joint classification probabilities is quasi-symmetric, and that the symmetric matrix component is non-negative definite. The degree of distinguishability between two categories is defined and is used to give a measure of overall category distinguishability. It is argued that the kappa measure of observer agreement is unsatisfactory as a measure of overall category distinguishability.     

Conditional inference for subject-specific and marginal agreement: Two families of agreement measures

A two-stage procedure is described for assessing subject-specific and marginal agreement for data from a test-retest reliability study of a binary classification procedure. Subject-specific agreement is parametrized through the log odds ratio, while marginal agreement is reflected by the log ratio of the off-diagonal Poisson means. A family of agreement measures in the interval [-1, 1] is presented for both types of agreement. The conditioning argument described facilitates exact inference. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by way of an example involving hypothetical data chosen for illustrative purposes, and data from a National Health Survey Study (Rogot and Goldberg 1966).     

试论未成年子女在我国离婚制度中的地位

离婚不仅是个人的问题，而且它还会产生极大的社会影响，具有深刻的社会性．因此，离婚制度一直是一项普遍而重要的法律制度。作为离婚的后果之一──未成年子女的保护问题得到了人们越来越多的关注。随着我国近年来离婚率的上升，有必要尽快地完善我国的离婚法制制度，从司法制度上有效地保护未成年子女的权益，以利于其成长。     

新时期我国村规民约的完善

村规民约作为我国民间法的一种形式在历史和当今都起着重要的"法"的调控功能,是我国基层民主和乡村自治的一种重要方式。考察我国村规民约的演变、现代特征及现实作用,结合民间法理论和村民自治制度,以社会主义新农村建设为时代背景,对村规民约中存在的问题进行分析,并在制定程序、执行程序、审查监督、普法教育等方面提出完善建议。     

Accuracy,confidence and consensus in bayesian hypothesis inference

Interest centres on a group of statisticians , each supplied with the same n sample datapoint sandmaking formal Bayesian inference with a common likelihood function but differing prior knowledge and utility functions.

Definitions are proposed which quantify, in a commensurable way, the inference processes of “accuracy”, “confidence” and “consensus” for the case of hypothesis inference with a fixed sample size n.

The general significance of comparing the three quantifiers is considered. As n increases the asymptotic behaviour of the quantifiers is evaluated and it is found that the three rates of convergence are of the same order as a function of n. The results are interpreted and some of their implications are discussed.     

代物清偿理论剖析

学术界以及实务界对代物清偿相关问题存在诸多争议。解决此争议的关键在于界定代物清偿的法律性质以及效力。显然,代物清偿的成立与结果应予区别：代物清偿可以由于法律的规定或当事人的约定而发生,后者存在一项单纯的代物清偿合意———代物清偿契约（协议）。该协议是区别于代物清偿结果的独立的债法上的合同类型,适用中国《合同法》有关＂无名合同＂的规定。代物清偿在体系上与一般的清偿保持一致,仅是对清偿客体的变态,属于清偿的态样之一,从而与原债的效力维持同一性。     

夫妻间生育协议相关法律问题探讨——兼评《婚姻法》司法解释（三）第9条

处理夫妻之间的生育纠纷不能无视当事人间的生育协议。因生育权的行使和实现需要夫妻双方的共同参与,因此生育协议以明示或默示的形式存在于所有行使和实现生育权的夫妻之间。生育协议的效力认定,应依据合同效力理论来进行,但在夫妻间生育协议履行中需赋予怀孕女方单方中止妊娠的权利,不过怀孕女方出于主观不愿生育的意愿中止妊娠,应视为违反生育协议的违约行为。夫妻双方在婚姻分别财产制下和发生离婚情况时享有基于生育协议的违约赔偿请求权。