广州高校学生就业压力的调查分析

本研究是以问卷调查的形式 ,对广州市高校学生的就业压力及择业意向进行考察了解并进行了性别分析 ,归纳出以下结果 :1、当前高校学生的主要生活压力是就业压力 ,女性对就业前途的忧虑更甚于男性。 2、学生就业压力体验相当严重 ,尤以心理体验最为严重 ,而男生就业压力生理体验强度高于女生。 3、学生对求职困难的认知倾向于个人素质欠缺、专业结构的不合理性、就业环境欠佳等方面。 4、学生的择业观念呈现个性化自主化、保守化、功利化、务实、片面的地区性等特点。文章最后尝试从学生、学校及政府三方面提出解决问题的策略     

压力与从众视角下的农民生男偏好——基于皖南H村的实证研究

本文在实证调查所获得的材料和经验基础上,详细分析了在一个具体的时空场域中农民的生男偏好现象,并检视了相关理论解释的适用性.认为压力与从众是村民把生男意愿转变为生男行动的催化剂,并进一步强化了其生男动机和行为,导致性别比偏高.     

大尺度溶洞型油藏压力响应特征

由于多重连续介质模型无法有效模拟大尺度溶洞与地层流动过程，需要建立新的缝洞型油藏试井解释模型研究非均质缝洞型油藏流体流动规律。将溶洞简化为一个等势体，内部压力处处相等，溶洞外流体流动满足达西定律，利用溶洞质量守恒建立了含大尺度溶洞缝洞型油藏数学模型，基于直接边界元方法对数学模型进行了求解。绘制了溶洞压力导数曲线及井底压力双对数曲线和井底压力导数曲线，研究发现，溶洞在井底压力导数曲线双对数图上反映的是一个先上凸后下凹的特征，溶洞半径越大，井底压力曲线上凸下凹幅度越大；溶洞离井距离越大，井底压力导数曲线上凸出现的时间越早。相同溶洞半径情况下，离井距离越小溶洞压力导数峰值越大；相同溶洞离井距离情况下，溶洞半径越大，压力导数峰值越小。     

Psychosocial safety climate,psychosocial and physical factors in the aetiology of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms and workplace injury compensation claims

Causal agents for workers' compensation claims and physical injury have largely been identified as physical demands. We proposed an integrated theory of physical injury (i.e. musculoskeletal disorder symptoms [MSDs]) and workers' compensation claims, which combined psychosocial and physical mechanisms. A random, population-based sample of 1095 Australian workers completed a telephone interview on two occasions 12 months apart. As expected, the physical mechanism was confirmed; physical demands were related to MSDs, which in turn predicted workers' compensation claims. Further, a novel psychosocial mechanism was confirmed. Psychosocial safety climate (PSC; perceptions about the organisation's climate for psychological health) was a precursor to psychosocial risks (e.g. harassment, violence, bullying and work pressure). In turn, these psychosocial risks were related to emotional exhaustion, MSDs and then workers' compensation claims. Evidence was therefore provided for psychosocial-physical processes in explaining MSDs and workers' compensation for claims for physical injury. Occupational health and safety legislators and policy makers should be aware that, beyond physical demands, factors usually associated with risk for mental stress claims (e.g. harassment, bullying, and violence) may additionally manifest in physical health problems and workers' compensation injury claims. Focusing on modifying the PSC in an organisation, “the cause of the causes”, may be an effective injury prevention and intervention strategy.     

基于双参数的管道泄漏检测系统的研究

泄漏检测在油料长输管道安全生产中占有重要的位置,介绍了一种基于压力流量双参数的管道泄漏检测系统的总体设计。其中压力检测利用了负压波法,负压波拐点的提取引入了小波变换理论,对时间及负压波波速的确定提出了解决的方法。提高了泄漏检测灵敏度和定位精度。     

Rationalization in garages in the Netherlands and its effects on occupational health

In this study, various hypotheses were tested in relation to car mechanics working in a sample of domestic car garages in South Limburg, The Netherlands. These concerned the negative relationships between the degree of control over the work process, and occupational strain, blood pressure, skin disorders and problems in the locomotor system. The relevant intermediate variables used were task latitude, social support from supervisor and colleagues, and positive appreciation (which were expected to weaken the major hypothesized relationships), and time pressure, mental load, and involuntary task interruption (which were expected to strengthen the major hypothesized relationships). The analysis also included the possible effects of age and seniority. Controls based on craft methods, blood pressure and skin disorders were measured through observation. The effect of controls based on craft methods, and occupational strain were demonstrated. Effects were also shown of occupational strain on diastolic blood pressure and on problems in the locomotor system, and of positive appreciation on non-contact skin disorder.     

目前我国出现通货膨胀压力的成因及对策研究

目前全国商品零售物价自2004年1月以来连续13个月出现正增长,在2004年10月达3.1%。居民消费价格指数也开始出现持续的正增长,在2004年7月和8月高达5.3%。工业品的出厂价格也由2002年负增长转为2003年正增长,2004年高达6.1%,原材料购进价格也持续正增长。此次的三大物价指数全面上涨,表明我国出现了新一轮的通货膨胀压力。从目前出现的通货膨胀压力的现象出发,寻求其成因并提出对策建议。     

“和魂洋身”的日本现代化

明治维新是早产的"外压型"现代化.这导致明治维新有两个特点第一、必须吸收西方文化来弥补先天条件的不足,但强大封建因素的存在又不允许全部吸收.第二、由于担心民族文化灭亡而只要西方物质文化,不要西方精神文明.传统文化与西方文化产生了矛盾,日本人作出"和魂洋才"的选择.借助西方物质文化使日本走上资本主义道路,同时排斥西方精神文明,保留大量封建精神文化而成为"和魂洋身"的现代化国家,导致走向军国主义道路,走向对外侵略扩张,最终使现代化的成果毁于一旦.正在进行"外压型"现代化的发展中国家应该引以为戒.     

农业生态效率评价及影响因素研究——以新疆兵团农业为例

在DEA框架下测算新疆兵团农业在特定环境压力下的生态效率,并采用截断回归和自举估计法分析农业生态效率的影响因素.研究结果表明:新疆兵团农业的生态效率很低,在特定环境压力下团场之间的生态效率差异很小,管理活动中生态无效率和技术无效率密切相关.资源过度消耗和污染物过量排放是新疆兵团农业生态效率较低的主要原因,因此,依靠农业科技进步,提高劳动者素质,转变农业发展方式是提高兵团农业生态效率的重要途径.