以服务基层为导向的全科医学人才培养模式的探索

当前,我国基层卫生技术人员队伍建设相对滞后,已经成为制约基层卫生机构发展的瓶颈。医学院校充分发挥人才培养职能,积极探索符合基层医疗服务特点的全科医生培养模式,对推动我国基层医疗卫生服务质量的提高,促进我国医药卫生体制改革的深化具有重要作用。本文对现阶段我国全科医学人才培养中存在的问题进行了分析,介绍了开展全科医学教育的重要意义,并结合辽宁医学院的工作实践,提出了以服务基层为导向的全科医学人才培养的建议和措施。     

培养医学生阅读风格促进中华医药传统文化教育

阅读从来就是培养文化和传承文化的重要途径,阅读风格的培养是涵养医学人文品格的重要内容。重构大学生阅读兴趣,提升医学生阅读层次,通过漫阅读、深阅读、精阅读、动阅读等多元形式,引导大学生在书籍的海洋里涵养身心,以提高医学生全面素质,培养医学人文精神,传承中华医药传统文化。     

An intuitive risk factors search algorithm: usage of the Bayesian network technique in personalized medicine

The article focuses on the application of the Bayesian networks (BN) technique to problems of personalized medicine. The simple (intuitive) algorithm of BN optimization with respect to the number of nodes using naive network topology is developed. This algorithm allows to increase the BN prediction quality and to identify the most important variables of the network. The parallel program implementing the algorithm has demonstrated good scalability with an increase in the computational cores number, and it can be applied to the large patients database containing thousands of variables. This program is applied for the prediction for the unfavorable outcome of coronary artery disease (CAD) for patients who survived the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). As a result, the quality of the predictions of the investigated networks was significantly improved and the most important risk factors were detected. The significance of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism for the prediction of the unfavorable outcome of CAD for patients survived after ACS was revealed for the first time.     

Inequality in digital skills and the adoption of online safety behaviors

ABSTRACT

Cyber-safety behaviors are important in preventing the loss of an individual's digital assets and ensuring the safety of important daily online activities. Individuals’ cyber-safety is also critical for national cybersecurity. The issue is highly relevant for Israel, a country that relies on the digital capabilities of its workers for its major technology industries and is also often a target of cyberwarfare and cybercrime attacks. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of cyber-safety behavior. We investigate the role of age, gender and education in the use of safety-related digital skills and antivirus software. Using a 2014 survey of a national sample of Internet users in Israel (N?=?1850), we found that age, gender, education and quality of access are associated with the level of users’ digital security skills. In addition, these skills and the frequency of conducting financial activities online are the main determinants of antivirus behaviors. Our results expand the understanding of cyber-safety by showing that social and digital disparities are reproduced in the use of measures to prevent online threats, putting the digitally disadvantaged at greater risk of becoming victims of online threats.     

Medicare and Amyloid PET Imaging: The Battle Over Evidence

We examine a recent dispute regarding the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) refusal to unconditionally pay for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for Medicare beneficiaries being assessed for Alzheimer’s disease. CMS will only pay for amyloid PET imaging when patients are enrolled in clinical trials that meet certain criteria. The dispute reflects CMS’s willingness in certain circumstances to require effectiveness evidence that differs from the Food and Drug Administration’s standard for pre-market approval of a medical intervention and reveals how stakeholders with differing perspectives about evidentiary standards have played a role in attempting to shape the Medicare program’s coverage policies.     

Towards a sociology of risk work: A narrative review and synthesis

In this article, we define the concept of “risk work,” which aims to make visible working practices to assess or manage risk, in order to subject these practices to sociological critique. This article reviews and synthesizes existing published literature to identify components of risk work: (a) translating risk into different contexts, (b) minimizing risks in practice, and (c) caring in the context of risk. We argue that these three components of risk work raise important tensions for workers that have been inadequately explored in the literature to date. We propose that future research should additionally focus on practitioner subjectivity and identity in risk work. In addition, we argue that comparative research—across type of risk and different contexts—and methodological and theoretical diversity would enhance this emerging field of research.     

金代宗室管理制度考论

金朝十分重视对宗室的管理,设专门管理机构大宗正府,职掌修撰玉牒、监察训导宗室、宗庙祭祀等宗室事务;宗正官基本上由宗室属亲者担任,但也适当参用世戚勋旧。另有御史台、太常寺以及其他相关机构也兼理宗室事务。这些兼管机构与大宗正府相互配合,各司其职,从不同方面实施对宗室的有效管理。鉴于宗室也是威胁皇权的重要因素,金朝统治者对宗室还采取了诸多政令上的防范措施。     

老年药品广告、消费市场与有限效果

随着我国社会老龄化进程的加速，老年人健康问题日益受到关注。老年群体的庞大基数、高发病率带来的药品市场的巨大需求刺激了老年常用药品广告的迅速繁荣。老年人作为消费主体的特殊性及药品作为消费品的特殊性，使老年常用药品广告具有独特的研究价值。以南京市有交流能力的老年人为样本总体，采用问卷为主、访谈为辅的研究方式进行实证性抽样调查。研究发现，老年常用药品广告承受着老年群体特质所导致的权威崇拜与经验强势的双重阻力，在其有限效果的背后，蕴含源自老年受众群体特质的深层原因。     

医古文翻译：基于翻译适应选择论视角

随着中医的发展逐渐走向国际化,关于中医的中外交流日益增多,而对中医的翻译却又难以达到令人满意的水平。其难点主要在于保证医学信息的正确与完整的同时,又要将中医中文化内涵准确地传达。本文试图运用翻译适应选择论这一新译论,将医古文译者在翻译过程中的适应与选择通过语言维、文化维、交际维这三大维度进行分析和说明,以期为医古文翻译的障碍找出解决办法,提高翻译质量,促进文化交流。     

粤港澳合作打击有组织犯罪的新路径——以经济领域的防控策略为视角

获取垄断性经济利益是有组织犯罪的最终目的，雄厚的经济实力反过来又推动着有组织犯罪的发展。因此，粤港澳在合作打击有组织犯罪方面，应当将经济领域的防控策略作为重中之重、急中之急，从完善经济体制与管理制度、联手打击洗钱犯罪活动、对有组织犯罪实施财产刑等多方面着手，以真正取得釜底抽薪、斩草除根的效果。