太平洋战争爆发前美国对外援助与美国军备建设

从1937年中国全面抗战到太平洋战争爆发这段时间里，美国基于其国家安全利益的考虑，对各反法西斯国家进行了不同程度的援助。随着战争进程的发展，大体经历了三个阶段：即由最初的有限援助到初步推行租借援助，再到租借援助规模的扩大直至定型。其间，美国军备的建设也呈一个加速度的模式进行，这为盟军取得反法西斯战争的胜利奠定了坚实的经济、军备基础。     

Teaching Students by Having Them Emulate an Expert System

Summary

An expert system, designed to demonstrate a procedure that students found difficult to master, became the stimulus and the prototype for developing a better way to teach this material. The new method was to have students simulate the computer by rigidly following a set of explicit instructions. This enabled the students to learn what formerly eluded them: the logical deduction of new hypotheses from a set of linkable propositions. Success in carrying out this mechanical task became the basis for their understanding the logic behind the procedure.     

用VB实现Mp3文件的播放

VisualBasic下的多种控件和函数可进行多媒体程序的设计,但是,在VB系统中却没有可播放Mp3的控件.本文给出了利用非VB标准控件Mediaplay和Mp3play.ocx,实现Mp3音频文件播放的两种方法.     

宗教与政治关系的理想与现实

简单地把宗教视为一种文化现象是不能解释宗教的曾经和正在国家的经济、政治 ,文化生活中所发生重大和深远影响的宗教与国家世俗政治的分离 ,并不意味着它可以超越世俗政治、正如它不能超越世俗生活一样。世俗政治与宗教之间的相互影响在目前的中国和未来的中国都将长期存在。     

A note on f statistics for instrumental variable regessions

The asymptotic distribution of the F statistic calculated from instrumental variable‘two stage least squares residuals is obtained.     

Beyond “Dry Drunkenness”: Facilitating Second Stage Recovery Using Wilber's “Spectrum of Consciousness” Developmental Model

ABSTRACT

The usefulness of Wilber's “Spectrum of Consciousness” developmental model in the treatment of substance abuse is demonstrated by a case study that illustrates how underlying emotional pain and intimacy issues can be worked through in the counselling process with a client during the second stage of recovery from addiction. Wilber's model allows for narcissistic, critical self, social, identity, intimacy, existential, and psycho-spiritual issues to be integrated into the counselling process for long-term recovery. This model provides social workers and addictions counselors with a useful map in embracing client recovery.     

Effective relationship-based practice: A theoretical exploration

This paper looks at the importance of a relationship-based approach within social work. It explores past writings on the social worker-client relationship, why the relationship was seen to be central to effectiveness and good practice, and why this perspective fell out of favour. It revisits the importance of a relationship-based approach, within a psychosocial perspective, in relation to eight areas of practice. These include the assessment task and process; relationship difficulties; people who are vulnerable or reliant on others for their well-being; situations that require practitioners to be able to hold and contain anxiety; the relationship as a foundation for capacity building, empowerment and developing people's potential; and in relation to disadvantaged and marginalised sectors of the population, how social workers can use the 'front-line' knowledge they have gained through the relationships they have created in political ways--to bear witness and report on 'social ills' as they impact on the lives of service users. A final section looks briefly at how the service user-social worker relationship is perceived and described in the Benchmarking Statement, National Occupational Standards and the General Social Care Council's Rules and Requirements and their implications in terms of the new social work degree.     

第16届世锦赛中国男排进攻得失分情况研究

中国男排在第16届世锦赛中成绩并不理想,与世界强队之间存在很大差距,主要表现为：强攻不强;传统战术快攻体现不出优势;后排进攻主要集中在1号位和6号位,1号位成功率较低;中国队的拦网相对较弱.     

Analysis of bivariate dichotomous data from a stratified two-stage cluster sample

In the health and social sciences, researchers often encounter categorical data for which complexities come from a nested hierarchy and/or cross-classification for the sampling structure. A common feature of these studies is a non-standard data structure with repeated measurements which may have some degree of clustering. In this paper, methodology is presented for the joint estimation of quantities of interest in the context of a stratified two-stage sample with bivariate dichotomous data. These quantities are the mean value π of an observed dichotomous response for a certain condition or time-point and a set of correlation coefficients for intra-cluster association for each condition or time period and for inter-condition correlation within and among clusters. The methodology uses the cluster means and pairwise joint probability parameters from each cluster. They together provide appropriate information across clusters for the estimation of the correlation coefficients.     

A Multiplicative Alo-group Based Hierarchical Decision Model and Application

Pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) is a popular technique used in multi-criteria decision making. The abelian linearly ordered group (alo-group) is a powerful tool for the discussion of PCMs. In this article, a criterion for acceptable consistency of PCM is introduced, which is independent of the scale and can be intuitively interpreted. The relation of the introduced criterion with the weak consistency is investigated. Then, a multiplicative alo-group based hierarchical decision model is proposed. The following approaches are included: (1) the introduced criterion for acceptable consistency is used to check whether or not a PCM is acceptable; (2) the row’s geometric mean method is used for deriving the local priorities of a multiplicative PCM; (3) a Hierarchy Composition Rule derived from the weighted mean is used for computing the criterion/subcriterion’s weights with regard to the total goal; and (4) the weighted geometric mean is used as the aggregation rule, where the alternative’s local priorities are min-normalized. The proposed model has the property of preserving rank. Moreover, it has counterparts in the additive case. Finally, the model is applied to a layout planning problem of an aircraft maintenance base with a computer-based software.