论新时期网络参政与中国民主政治发展

新时期网络参政对中国民主政治发展促进作用将更加明显,是有中国特色民主政治发展的重要内容之一。网络参政的作用已经引起了党和国家领导人的重视,地方党和政府的负责人也逐渐注意到网络参政的实际意义,其作用主要体现在：促进参与式民主的发展;促进传统集权等级制权力结构的转换;促进社会平等;促进政治、政府公开的发展;促进选民与人大代表的沟通;促进公民政治社会化的加强。网络参政还是把双刃剑,应该加强规范和管理。     

Statisticians in European regulatory agencies

The UK body of statisticians in the pharmaceutical industry, PSI, has called on heads of European regulatory agencies responsible for assessing applications for marketing authorizations for new medicines in the EU to employ full time statisticians. In order to assess the present situation a survey has been conducted to identify the number of agencies employing one or more full time statisticians. Out of 29 responding agencies, 12 employed one or more statisticians on a full time basis, whereas 17 did not. Among these 17, 7 involved external experts on a regular basis, 5 involved external statisticians on a case‐by‐case basis, whereas 5 never involved external statistical expertise. Failure to involve statisticians in the assessment of efficacy and safety of medicines does not automatically lead to reports of low quality or invalid assessment of benefit‐risk. However, in depth knowledge of statistical methodology is often necessary to uncover weaknesses and potentially biased efficacy estimates. This might be of importance for the final opinion on granting a marketing authorization, and statistical review should therefore be conducted by those who are professionally expert in the area. A positive trend toward an increased involvement of statistical expertise in the European network of regulatory agencies is observed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Creativity in social work education and practice: reflections on a Survivor Arts Project

This article, written by survivor artists, practitioners and academics (each moving between these different identities and associated voices), will explore a creative arts approach to social work (SW) education within the context of service user and carer involvement. In addition to building upon a developing literature base, the writers will draw upon their own experience and the experience of other service user and carer contributors as well as student and practitioner feedback. In doing so, this article will seek to analyse some of the ways the creative arts can be harnessed as a tool for a more radical, creative and critical approach to professional education and how this in turn can help develop more empathic, critically self-reflective and creative (in the broadest sense of the word) practitioners. In critiquing the more traditional service user and carer involvement approach, this article will attempt to show how the more innovative approach of the Survivor Arts Project can move us beyond an arguably more limiting ‘expertise through experience’ model. In outlining an emancipatory model which recognises the relevance of lived experience and places this within the context of survivor movements, focusing also on the skills and insights survivors bring to SW education, this article will detail the ways we can work towards developing a more vibrant and dynamic learning environment which values our life stories and recognises our strengths as well as the many different and overlapping identities which place us along a continuum that connects our lives and informs our practice.     

唐代士人的社会心态与隐逸的嬗变

隐逸是一种具有深厚历史积淀的文化现象,它对中国社会文化特别是士人文化心理建构有着深远的影响。唐代隐逸风气兴盛,对其历史嬗变的研究,是深入了解唐代文人的行为心态、人格理想以及价值取向的不可或缺的内容,而且对其递嬗缘由的追问,也是深入剖析唐代社会政治和学术思想的一个重要层面。概而言之,初唐承继魏晋隐逸遗风,盛唐在隐逸中贯注入世因素,中唐淡化了士人的担当精神,晚唐以隐居避祸全身。     

改革开放以来我国扶贫开发进程及实际路径研究

改革开放40余年以来,我国在致力于脱贫的道路上开创性地解决了许多疑难杂症,从“输血式”的直接干预式救济扶贫 模式,到根据需要实施针对性措施的扶贫举措,再到精准扶贫精准脱贫的实施,逐步探索形成了一条具有中国特色的扶贫道 路。扶贫实践的进程也是扶贫理论形成、完善的发展过程,理论的发展指导着扶贫实践的调整改进。扶贫攻坚阶段系统梳理 我国扶贫开发进程,探究扶贫实践路径选择,对新时代打赢脱贫攻坚战具有现实意义。     

关于易地搬迁扶贫问题的调查思考

贫困问题是每一个国家在发展社会经济时必须面对和处理的问题,中国的发展也面临着同样的境遇。为解决贫困问题, 我国根据不同的贫困类型采取了有针对性的扶贫措施,如易地搬迁扶贫、产业扶贫、教育扶贫等,其中易地搬迁扶贫是针对资 源约束型贫困问题提出的扶贫措施。以四川省三个县、一个市为样本进行实地调查,主要围绕以下几方面开展：易地扶贫搬迁 的安置、原有耕地资源处置及新的配套耕地、农民就业及收入来源、政府的后续扶持政策。从中发现当前易地扶贫搬迁工作主 要存在几方面问题：政府在易地扶贫工作中占主导地位,其他社会力量参与度低;土地存在废弃的现象;产业存在同质化现象, 发展后劲不足;部分搬迁群众存在依赖思想。就此提出相应的对策和建议。     

论建国后党对“科教兴国”战略的探索

“科教兴国”战略是新时期我党的治国方略,它的形成是建国后党的三代领导人艰苦探索的结果。其中以毛泽东为代表的第一代领导人奠定了新中国科技教育发展的基础;以邓小平为核心的党的第二代领导人构建了“科教兴国”战略的理论体系;以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体对邓小平理论的丰富和发展、实践与创新,使实施“科教兴国”战略由理论变成了现实,化作全国人民的共同行动。     

“网上追逃”研究

“网上追逃”不仅涉及刑事诉讼中的侦查、审查起诉中的犯罪嫌疑人、审判阶段的被告人,也涉及刑罚执行阶段的罪犯,而且涉及监察案件的被调查人,因而并不仅仅属于侦查措施或者侦查活动。“网上追逃”的根本目的在于强制在逃人员恢复法定状态。强制恢复法定状态的措施主要包括异地拘留逮捕的协助执行、先行拘留、无证抓捕,以及由此发生相应的讯问、羁押、押解等相关活动。“网上追逃”应当从适用规范及权利保护两个方面进行规范。     

诚信文化：社会中介组织发展的瓶颈

诚信是一种特殊的文化。主要由诚信文化的符号、价值观、规范和物质形态等构成。社会中介组织的诚信文化缺失已成为其良性发展的瓶颈。社会中介组织诚信文化缺失主要体现为:提供虚假信息;失信行为的惩罚机制和内部自律机制不健全;提供“不实”的房屋、企业和“人”等。构建诚信文化,促进社会中介组织的良性发展需要从诚信信息、诚信制度、诚信管理、诚信教育、诚信环境等五方面进行。     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.