现代刑事诉讼的民主宪政之维

现代刑事诉讼立基于公民与国家之间刑事纷争的平等对话与理性交涉,蕴含着民主、法治、自由、宪政等现代政治法律理念和构造。民主宪政制度架构构成了现代刑事诉讼坚实的政治法律基础,而现代刑事诉讼又是民主宪政体制的根本保障与制度展开,二者保持着高度和谐互惠及良性互动的制度格局。     

Impossible children: illegality and excluded belonging among children of migrants in Sabah,East Malaysia

This article makes a case for attending to the specificities of child illegality in migrant contexts. This is not simply because children have been left out of previous accounts, but also because their status as minors makes both their citizenship and their illegality different to that of adults. The analysis is based on research with children born to migrants in the state of Sabah, East Malaysia. I argue that such children are configured as Sabah’s impossible children, and that this configuration influences their experiences of illegality and exclusion in distinctive ways. From a young age, children are aware of document ‘checking’ raids and, as ‘foreigners’, are unable to attend Malaysian schools. However, informal documents from learning centres, as well as age and contingent circumstances, may give them a temporary, ‘liminal’ legality. Finally, given that irregular migrants experience both exclusion and inclusion in a host nation, the article describes children’s urban forms of belonging. These forms of inclusion demonstrate children’s engagement with Sabah as a home, as against their political construction as an impossible problem.     

刑事法律中实体正义与程序正义的博弈

中国学术界关于实体正义与程序正义究竟谁应为优先者之争似乎已经陷入了二律背反。一方面 ,主张实体正义优先的学者不得不面对众多深具远见的学者对“看得见的正义”的迫切呼吁以及现实中恣意的“人治”给司法公正性带来严重损害的尴尬 ;另一方面 ,主张程序正义优先的学者也难以回避由于我国刑事立法宁粗勿细、宁疏勿密的原则给法律适用带来的难题。在刑事法律中实体正义与程序正义的博弈中 ,如何能够使得两者不会由于陷入“纳什均衡”而导致法律功利目标的削弱 ,就成为我国能否真正走向法治化的关键。     

Addressing procedural challenges of ethical review system: Towards a better ethical quality of clinical trials review in Malaysia

The review of clinical trials with human participants in Malaysia is governed by a decentralized control system. The clinical trial protocols are reviewed by 13 registered research ethics committees (RECs) in Malaysia. A governmental body, the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, is responsible for the inspection and oversight of these registered RECs to ensure that they comply with the regulatory requirements. However, this study highlights that each REC in Malaysia has a different standard operating procedure and ethical review process. Other procedural challenges identified include inadequate membership, poor mechanism for research monitoring after ethical approval, and insufficient resources. Establishments of a national standard of REC and a central ethics committee are suggested to ensure procedural compliance in the oversight of clinical trials in Malaysia. While there is a growing concern that procedural compliance may not have a direct impact on the protection of human subjects, our key point is that an ethical review system compliant with the national standards could serve as a strong framework to support and enhance the ethical quality of decision-making and judgement. We believe that being aware of how influential procedural compliance can be would help committees improve the ethical quality of their research review.     

斗殴行为及其特征

斗殴行为历来是刑罚打击的重点。斗殴行为的本质属性是暴力性,其侵犯的刑法法益包括社会公共秩序和他人的健康权,但不包括生命权。对向性是斗殴行为的外在特征,表现为互相攻击的殴打行为,但不应扩展到主观内容方面。非法性是斗殴行为的主观特征,即明知自己的行为会侵害公共秩序和他人的健康权,但为了和对方争夺非法利益而放任这一结果的发生,这是刑事责任的根据。     

可罚的违法性理论探究

可罚的违法性是指具有作为犯罪而科处刑罚程度的质与量的违法性.这一理论是基于刑法的谦抑性、实质的违法性、违法的相对性三个方面的基础而提出来的,其在犯罪论上的体系地位应当认为是阻却违法性.该理论对我国刑法具有启示意义,具体而言,一是要适当调整我国的犯罪构成模式,为但书出罪功能的发挥提供运作空间;二是借鉴日本的做法,在但书出罪的免责事由上适当放宽.     

内部行政程序的外部效力——以未经负责人批准的行政行为为视角

内部行政程序作为行政主体内部运行的程序,虽没有行政相对人的直接参与,但是通过"外化"对相对人的权益产生深刻影响。对内部程序的违反,应视具体行政行为的性质,作出程序瑕疵或违反法定程序的认定,从而判断其具体行政行为的效力。文章以司法实践中的案例为基础,结合现有规范和理论,以理清内部程序的界定与外部效力的判断思路。     

论程序的内在价值及程序公正与效率的关系

程序公正并不仅仅是追求实体公正的工具和手段,它和实体公正都是司法活动所追求的目标。程序公正可保障、促进实体正义的实现,可控制法官的恣意,防止人治在诉讼中的过度膨胀,可促进纠纷的真正解决。程序正义与效率均是诉讼追求的两大价值目标,两者在价值趋向上既有矛盾,又有重合。     

规则、原则、程序——对法律原则的一个诠释

根据法律模式理论,法律原则的出现是为了应对法律的局限性。规则与原则的关系就是严格规制与自由裁量的关系。在司法过程中,原则具有六个方面的功能。对法官运用法律原则进行裁判时的自由裁量权进行规制的最有效的方法是程序控制。     

论一人有限责任公司适用公司人格否认制度

探讨了一人有限责任公司适用公司人格否认制度的必要性;分析了一人有限责任公司适用公司人格否认制度的实体法问题,包括一人有限责任公司适用公司人格否认制度的条件和国有独资公司的特殊适用问题;分析了一人有限责任公司适用公司人格否认制度的程序法问题。