自由还是平等——诺奇克和罗尔斯的正义观比较

分析了诺奇克和罗尔斯看待平等、国家的功能和分配问题上的不同观点,指出诺奇克主张的正义是尊重人们选择权的程序性的正义,罗尔斯主张的正义是有利于最少受惠者的实质性的正义。二者揭示了正义的两个性质。     

休谟的正义观述评

本文讨论休谟的正义理论。指出正义起源于人性的有限慷慨与资源的相对匮乏;正义的主要作用是确立财产权;正义的有效实现依赖政府保护;同时指出休谟正义理论的合理性与局限性。     

Mobilising diasporas for justice. Opportunity structures and the presencing of a violent past

ABSTRACT

This article investigates how the global dominance of the transitional justice (TJ) discourse and practice – and the controversies and conflicts that arise around TJ – have come to make up an important context for diaspora mobilisation. The article looks at the increasingly globalised mechanisms and norms of transitional justice as a set of opportunity structures – political, legal and discursive – which shape diaspora mobilisation. Diaspora engagement in commemoration, truth-seeking and legal justice in relation to atrocities in Rwanda and Sri Lanka is studied. The article shows that in relation to Rwanda, state dominance and divides are largely replicated in the diasporic space, while the Sri Lankan case provides examples of how Tamil diaspora engagement have been able to reverse power dynamics around TJ. Combining opportunity structures with the concept of ‘past presencing’, the article shows how diaspora groups appropriate and strategise in relation to the dominant norms and practices of TJ, and how in doing so the past is performed and experienced in ways which are both personally and politically meaningful.     

Health Risk,Inequality Indexes,and Environmental Justice

Inequality indexes have long been used to analyze distributions of income. Studies have recently begun to use these tools to evaluate the equity of distributions of environmental harm. In response, issues have been raised regarding the appropriateness of using income-based measures in the context of undesirable outcomes. We begin from first principles, identifying a theoretical preference structure under which income-based tools can be appropriate for ranking distributions of “bads.” While some critiques of existing applications are valid, they are not a justification for rejecting the approach altogether. Instead, we show how standard income-based measures can be adjusted to accommodate bad outcomes. Rather than inequality indexes, we argue that equally distributed equivalents (EDEs) are well-suited for this purpose since they account for levels and dispersion of outcome distributions. The Kolm–Pollak EDE is particularly useful, having the advantage of consistently evaluating both bads and their complementary goods (e.g., mortality risk and survival probability). As an illustration, we show how these tools can inform an environmental justice analysis of a proposed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule addressing indoor air pollution.     

论反垄断行政执法程序规则的立法完善

完善的反垄断行政执法程序规则是规范反垄断执法行为的制度基础,我国现行反垄断法执法程序制度体系还存在立法缺陷,亟需通过统一程序规则,规范调查权及行政裁量权的行使,保障程序正义来实现反垄断行政执法程序的立法完善。     

论民事立案登记制审查中的“形式”与“实质”

在近一年实践过程中,我国的立案登记制已略显成效,但也仍然存在不少问题。在立案登记制度是否需要审查,其为形式审查还是实质审查,如何明确立案登记中形式审查的审查标准和范围,如何保持好立案登记形式审查程序与后续的审判与调解程序之间的零缝隙衔接等方面还需要不断完善。只有这样,立案登记制度才能真正实现理论来源于实践并积极作用于实践的良性诉讼循环。     

遗失物招领付费之研究

随着商品经济的发展,人们的道德素养并未上升到“圣人”的高度,拾而不还的行为在现实中逐渐成为一种较为普遍的现象。经中外对比研究,发现给予拾物人报酬请求权是解决该问题的一条有效途径,而“拾金不昧”的道德缺失也为遗失物招领付费制度提供了土壤。遗失物招领付费的做法在法理和实践中均有可行性,但在报酬比例的认定及该权利的排除适用上须谨慎对待。     

法治理想及其要求

法治是当今世界公认的一种重要政治价值。法治理想的要义是通过法律规范的途径来限制任意专断权力的运作。为达到这一目标,法律规范在形式上必须满足富勒提出的八项要求,并且必须确立法律的正当程序来保障法律规范得到适当的运用。我们可以把这两方面称作法治理想形式与程序方面的要求。法治理想的要义还有助于我们理解人们围绕法治的一些重要争论,如关于实质性法治观念的争论,关于立法性法律的争论等。     

扶贫政策的负外部性及其化解

在脱贫攻坚中,对重点贫困地区的精确瞄准与偏向投入,在一定程度上对非贫困县、非贫困村与非贫困户产生了必然的政策负外部性,表现为县域脱贫结构失衡、村庄帮扶悬崖效应与边缘人群争贫风险。究其原由,在公共政策过程中,竞争性的政策汲取、排他性的政策分配与分割性的政策评价是负外部性的三种发生机理。为此需要建立上下融合减贫机制,探索社区主导发展模式,拓展村民赋权参与空间,通过政策纠正、调适以消解和弥补政策负效应,强化政治决策与分配的正义性。     

试析刘安冤案

陈广忠认为,史书所载刘安"谋反"案为冤案,刘安的自杀有其多方面、多层次的原因.