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31.
We propose a procedure to identify a lowest dose having greater effect than a threshold dose under the assumption of monotonicity of dose mean response in dose response test. So, we use statistics based on contrasts among sample means and apply a group sequential procedure to our procedure to identify effectively the dose. If we can identify the dose at an early step in the sequential test, since we can terminate the procedure with a few observations, the procedure is useful from an economical point of view. In a simulation studies, we compare the superiority among these procedures based on three contrasts. 相似文献
32.
Toxicologists and pharmacologists often describe toxicity of a chemical using parameters of a nonlinear regression model. Thus estimation of parameters of a nonlinear regression model is an important problem. The estimates of the parameters and their uncertainty estimates depend upon the underlying error variance structure in the model. Typically, a priori the researcher would not know if the error variances are homoscedastic (i.e., constant across dose) or if they are heteroscedastic (i.e., the variance is a function of dose). Motivated by this concern, in this paper we introduce an estimation procedure based on preliminary test which selects an appropriate estimation procedure accounting for the underlying error variance structure. Since outliers and influential observations are common in toxicological data, the proposed methodology uses M-estimators. The asymptotic properties of the preliminary test estimator are investigated; in particular its asymptotic covariance matrix is derived. The performance of the proposed estimator is compared with several standard estimators using simulation studies. The proposed methodology is also illustrated using a data set obtained from the National Toxicology Program. 相似文献
33.
《The American statistician》2012,66(4):321-326
ABSTRACTA statistical test can be seen as a procedure to produce a decision based on observed data, where some decisions consist of rejecting a hypothesis (yielding a significant result) and some do not, and where one controls the probability to make a wrong rejection at some prespecified significance level. Whereas traditional hypothesis testing involves only two possible decisions (to reject or not a null hypothesis), Kaiser’s directional two-sided test as well as the more recently introduced testing procedure of Jones and Tukey, each equivalent to running two one-sided tests, involve three possible decisions to infer the value of a unidimensional parameter. The latter procedure assumes that a point null hypothesis is impossible (e.g., that two treatments cannot have exactly the same effect), allowing a gain of statistical power. There are, however, situations where a point hypothesis is indeed plausible, for example, when considering hypotheses derived from Einstein’s theories. In this article, we introduce a five-decision rule testing procedure, equivalent to running a traditional two-sided test in addition to two one-sided tests, which combines the advantages of the testing procedures of Kaiser (no assumption on a point hypothesis being impossible) and Jones and Tukey (higher power), allowing for a nonnegligible (typically 20%) reduction of the sample size needed to reach a given statistical power to get a significant result, compared to the traditional approach. 相似文献
34.
刑事审后程序是指除审判监督程序外刑事判决生效后一系列程序的总称,包括刑事执行程序、被害人的权利保障程序以及刑罚被执行完毕人员的前科消灭程序等内容。刑事诉讼法学界除了对作为刑事审后程序重要内容的刑事执行程序研究较为充分外,还没有人对刑事审后程序作过系统的专门研究。对刑事审后程序进行系统的理论研究,特别是建立和完善被害人损害赔偿制度和被害人国家补偿制度,建立刑罚被执行完毕人员前科消灭的法律制度,不仅有助于完善我国刑事诉讼法,也有助于社会主义和谐社会的构建。 相似文献
35.
谭燕红 《湖南人文科技学院学报》2012,(1):11-14
量刑程序与定罪程序一样是刑事审判环节,具有独立性与依附性特征,而我国立法层面的量刑程序几乎是空白。我国在现有的司法环境下实行相对独立的量刑程序符合国际司法潮流,这一程序也没有增加各诉讼参加人的负担,较易操作落实,且有相关的配套程序和实践基础,因此具有可行性。但在实践中应注意一些问题,如要清晰控辩审三方在量刑程序中的定位,使社会调查报告机制走向制度化、专业化,判决书中应对量刑的依据和理由进行阐述等。 相似文献
36.
Shu-Fei Wu 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2017,46(3):1858-1870
In this article, a one-sample procedure for multiple comparisons of exponential location parameters with a control under heteroscedasticity is proposed. The observations are obtained by doubly censored samples. A one-sided and two-sided confidence intervals are used to perform such multiple comparisons. Statistical tables of critical values and an example of comparing four drugs in treating leukemia are provided. 相似文献
37.
Mohamed Tahir 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(12):4501-4509
Non-linear renewal theory is used to derive second order asymptotic expansions for the coverage probability of a fixed-width sequential confidence interval for an unknown parameter xin the inverse linear regression model. These expansions are obtained for a two-stage sequential procedure, proposed by Perng and Tong (1974) for the construction of a confidence interval for x. 相似文献
38.
Jeffrey S. Simonoff 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(6):1749-1760
In a recent paper, Hampel (1985) studied the properties of rejection-plus-mean procedures as estimators of a location parameter. He reported that these procedures have low breakdown and high variance. In this article it is pointed out that these results are due to the outliers being rejected in a forwards-stepping manner, and when a more appropriate backwards-stepping approach is used, rejection-plus-mean procedures lead to estimators with high breakdown and high variance. In this article it is pointed out that these results are due to the outliers being rejected in a forwards-stepping manner, and when a more appropriate backwards-stepping approach is used, rejection-plus-mean procedures lead to estimator with high breakdown and redescending theoretical influence function. 相似文献
39.
王建猛 《河北职业技术师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2009,(2):37-39
为了做好专业技术岗位聘用工作,高校应该认真研究普遍存在的“双肩挑”人员的管理现状和探索新的使用方法。笔者对高校中“双肩挑”管理模式现行管理政策与措施进行了调查和研究,提出了应加强对“双肩挑”岗位设置的管理,同时,应注重管理队伍朝着专职和专业的方向发展,并在高校中逐步提高学术权力的领导地位、建立新时期高校管理体制的新格局和确保高校人事管理科学发展的建议。 相似文献
40.
严海娟 《广州大学学报(社会科学版)》2001,(8)
建设项目工程造价管理的基本内容就是合理确定和有效地控制工程造价.本文对如何做到“事前把关、过程与动态管理为特征”的全过程控制进行了论述. 相似文献