New evidence about effects of reproductive variables on child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa

There is still considerable uncertainty about how reproductive factors affect child mortality. This study, based on Demographic and Health Survey data from 28 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, shows that mortality is highest for firstborn children with very young mothers. Other children with young mothers, or of high birth order, also experience high mortality. Net of maternal age and birth order, a short preceding birth interval is associated with above average mortality. These patterns change, however, if time-invariant unobserved mother-level characteristics of importance for both mortality and fertility are controlled for in a multilevel–multiprocess model. Most importantly, there are smaller advantages associated with longer birth intervals and being older at first birth. The implications of alternative reproductive ‘strategies’ are discussed, taking into account that if the mother is older at birth, the child will also be born in a later calendar year, when mortality may be lower.     

关于精神文化产品的哲学思考

精神文化产品是以观念形态存在并以一定的物质为载体得以呈现的产品,是精神文化生产者劳动智慧的结晶。社会效益为精神文化产品创作生产导向,经济效益是讲求社会效益的基础。弘扬主旋律,提倡多样化,是把握先进文化的前进方向,发展社会主义文化的根本要求和指导原则,也是指导精神文化产品创作和生产的根本要求和指导原则。精神文化产品的创作生产要坚持先进文化的大众性与文化精品的贴近性的结合。精神文化产品消费是较高层次上的商品消费活动,是商品消费与精神享受的辩证统一。     

Characteristics and Outcomes of College-Age Adults Enrolled in Private Residential Treatment: Implications for Practice

Substance use among college-age adults is of interest due to high levels of use and low levels of treatment access and engagement relative to other adults. Data collected from 1,972 clients in residential services were analyzed to investigate differences in use patterns, treatment outcomes, and other life area problems. Participants completed an Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) at baseline, and an ASI and Treatment Services Review at 1-month and 6-month postdischarge interviews. Almost a quarter (24.1%) of participants were college age (18–25 years old). They were more likely to be White and male, and less likely to complete treatment although they had a longer average length of stay. College-age adults improved on all outcome measures, and posttreatment service use shows significant difference between college-age and older participants. Implications for practice are discussed.     

教师职业素养新论

国家于2010年新出台的《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010——2020年)》(以下简称《教育规划纲要》),使教师的职业素养再度引起公众的关注。文章将其归结为"敦品"、"业精"、"敬业"六个字,并从这三个方面入手谈教师的职业素养。     

Environmental practices and firm performance in emerging markets: the mediating role of product quality

Environmental practices have not received as much research attention in emerging market contexts as traditional topics like quality. However, the importance of environmental practices for a firm’s production strategy has been increasing at an unprecedented level across the globe. Our research objective is, therefore, to investigate the interplay between environmental practices and quality in the pursuit of firm performance. Relying on 492 responses from Turkish manufacturers to test our hypotheses, we show that environmental practices directly improve the quality of products over and above the effect of quality management practices in emerging markets. Product quality, in turn, is important for increasing firm performance, acting as a mediator for the positive effects of environmental practices on performance. Thus, we reveal that product quality functions as an instrumental conduit between environmental practices and firm performance in emerging markets like Turkey where stakeholder pressures are weak, and regulations are often not properly enforced.     

基于产品生命周期的多阶段剩余收益项目决策模型

剩余收益模型（Residual Income Model,RIM）是评估公司权益价值的经典模型,特别地,奥尔森系列剩余收益模型由于可以利用历史财务与会计数据而得到广泛运用。本文在一般剩余收益模型的基础上,运用规范研究、逻辑推理等方法,基于产品生命周期理论,即项目处于产品生命周期的不同阶段时,其净资产收益率不同,在增长期的净资产收益率持续上升,衰退期的净资产收益率持续下降,而成熟期的净资产收益率则围绕行业平均水平波动,从理论上就项目投资价值的评估构建了多阶段剩余收益项目决策模型,并就所构建的多阶段剩余收益项目决策模型进行参数赋值分析。研究结果表明该新构建的决策模型具有较好的理论和运用价值,可以作为一种有效的项目投资决策模型。本文的研究一是拓展了剩余收益模型的应用,从主要用于对公司权益价值的估值拓展至对项目投资决策的评估;二是有利于寻求项目投资决策的价值最大化。     

基于个性化需求的产品竞争供应链结构选择

基于"制销分离"与"定制一体"两种结构选择,构建个性化产品供应链处于非竞争与竞争环境下的博弈模型,在引入一个实际案例的基础上,运用算例仿真比较分析两种运营模式下的供应链运作策略和盈利差异。结果显示：与制销分离结构相比,个性化产品供应链选择定制一体结构,有利于匹配产品个性化制造、提升产品个性化水平和市场需求、增加供应链的期望收益;个性化产品供应链选择制销分离结构时,适度的批发价格激励能够提升产品个性化水平、更好满足消费者个性化需求、改善供应链的运营绩效,分销商适度让利加大批发价格激励力度可显著促进产品个性化制造互动、提升产品个性化水平;竞争将消减个性化产品供应链的运营绩效,但选择定制一体结构可显著提升竞争力。     

考虑重复购买因素的品牌竞争对新产品扩散的影响研究——基于小世界网络的仿真环境

在对品牌竞争影响要素分析的基础上,考虑重复购买在新产品扩散过程中的调节效应,构建以消费者微观采纳机制为核心的新产品扩散的阈值模型,在小世界网络仿真情境下,运用多智能仿真方法对品牌竞争与新产品扩散之间的影响关系进行分析,研究结果表明：转换成本对新产品扩散的速度和深度的影响存在一定的"条件区域",在该区域之外两者不存在显著的影响关系;进入时间与两种竞争性品牌的扩散速度存在一致的负向的影响关系,而对两种竞争性品牌的扩散深度的影响方向则相反;在此过程中,重复购买系数起着一定的调节效应,会在一定程度上放大或缩小转换成本及进入时间对新产品扩散的影响效应。通过本文的研究,不仅可以进一步丰富和完善竞争性产品创新扩散的相关理论,也可以为企业的新产品推广实践提供决策支持。     

绿洲与绿洲城市：从农牧时代到工业时代新疆城市发展的特点

新疆特殊的自然地理环境,尤其是其独特的绿洲生态系统对新疆城市的影响显著.绿洲和绿洲城市成为新疆城市区别于中国其他区域城市的一个十分重要的特点.农牧业时代新疆绿洲城市的特点主要表现为两个方面,一是绿洲城市与绿洲具有一致性特点--不平衡性、分散性和封闭性;二是新疆绿洲城市数量少、规模小,长期发展缓慢.进入工业时代,新疆绿洲城市的发展出现新的特点,一是城市数量增多,城市规模扩大,初步形成绿洲城市区域体系;二是绿洲城市从封闭走向开放;三是经济城市从单一功能向综合性多功能发展,城市功能不断强化;四是绿洲城市出现可持续发展的新趋势.在国家实施"一带一路"战略的背景下,新疆绿洲城市迎来了新的发展机遇.     

Development of sustainable platform for modular product family: a case study

Abstract

Defining product platform architecture is a critical issue to design and develop product variants. Different factors are highly dependent on the architecture type, such as number of variants, to measure modularity level, component commonality, market demand, etc. It is directly related to manage product portfolios and setting up business plan of a company. Before defining a product platform, whether it is modular or integral product designers need to follow specific design guidelines and checklists. This research mainly focuses on to define the platform architecture as well as provides necessary design guidelines and checklists for the product designers. It also highlights an example product of a case company with the objective to clarify/validate the proposed product design approach. In conclusion, this paper outlines the findings from this research and proposed some critical questions need to be answered within the scope of future research potentials.