从功能语言学的角度看翻译实质、翻译策略与翻译标准

本文从语言的概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能入手,说明不同文本类型有不同的翻译策略,同时指出三类文本有共同的翻译标准,即“功能对等”。     

A Generalization of the Childs-Moran Result for Orthoscheme Probabilities

van der Vaart (1953, 1955) introduced the orthoscheme probability R_n (c ₁,..., c_n−1 ), meaning the orthant probability of an n -dimensional normal random vector with zero mean and tridiagonal correlation matrix with elements c ₁,..., c_n−1 on the upper diagonal. Childs (1967) conjectured and Moran (1983) proved that the generating function of { R_n (½,...,½)} equals tan z + sin z . This paper derives the generating function of { R_n (τ,½,...,½)}.     

结社自由简论

宪法性法律和国际人权条约承认和保护的结社自由，是个体基于不同的原因而与他人结成名称、规模、宗旨和目标等各不相同的组织的权利。文章从四个方面，即什么是结社自由、它有什么功能、法律如何对之进行保护以及结社自由与表达自由之间的关系，对结社自由进行了界定。     

Estimation of long-run inefficiency levels: a dynamic frontier approach

Cornwell, Schmidt, and Sickles (1990) and Kumbhakar (1990), among others, developed stochasticfrontier production models which allow firm specific inefficiency levels to change over time. These studies assumed arbitrary restrictions on the short-run dynamics of efficiency levels which have little theoretical justification. Further, the models are inappropriate for estimation of long-run efficiencies. We consider estimation of an alternative frontier model in which firmspecific technical inefficiency levels are autoregressive. This model is particularly useful to examine a potential dynamic link between technical innovations and production inefficiency levels. We apply our methodology to a panel of US airlines.     

文本类型与翻译方法

在翻译研究中 ,一般采取两种途径 ,或者从翻译过程的视角 ,或者从翻译结果的角度 ,却几乎很少有人从翻译功能的角度加以研究。而功能问题 ,就翻译而言 ,自然与文本类型有着密切的关联。在国内 ,虽有不少文献论述某一具体文类的翻译问题 ,如科技、医学、旅游之类 ,但就翻译方法论意义而言 ,则似乎鲜有论者从相对宏观的角度对此问题加以探讨。文章尝试在国内外现有的有关研究的基础上 ,整理出一条相对清晰的脉络 ,希冀给翻译方法的研究提供一个不同的观察角度 ,进而促进这种研究     

Normalized Quadratic Systems of Consumer Demand Functions

Empirically estimated demand systems frequently fail to satisfy the appropriate theoretical curvature conditions. We propose and estimate two demand systems for which these conditions can be imposed globally; the first is derived from a normalized quadratic reciprocal indirect utility function and the second is derived from a normalized quadratic expenditure function. The former is flexible if there are no restrictions on its free parameters, but loses flexibility if the curvature conditions need to be imposed. The latter is flexible, in the class of functions satisfying local money metric scaling, even if the curvature conditions need to be imposed.     

Modified weighted squared error estimation procedures with special emphasis on the stable laws

Two families of parameter estimation procedures for the stable laws based on a variant of the characteristic function are provided. The methodology which produces viable computational procedures for the stable laws is generally applicable to other families of distributions across a variety of settings. Both families of procedures may be described as a modified weighted chi-squared minimization procedure, and both explicitly take account of constraints on the parameter space. Influence func-tions for and efficiencies of the estimators are given. If x₁, x₂, …x_n random sample from an unknown distribution F , a method for determining the stable law to which F is attracted is developed. Procedures for regression and autoregres-sion with stable error structure are provided. A number of examples are given.     

Estimating the exponential reliability function for a system in series with type II censored data

The problem of estimating the one parameter exponential reliability function for a system composed of l componentes in series is considered. Under the type II censoring scheme, the Bayes nature of the minimum variance unbiased estimator is demonstrated and the admissibility of related generalized Bayes estimators is established. For the one component case, the best unbiased estimator is admissible.     

论娱乐类电视节目“寓教于乐”的功能与作用——以《天天向上》节目为例

"寓教于乐"是将文艺与娱乐融合为一体,这是今后电视娱乐节目的发展走向。湖南卫视2008年推出的娱乐节目《天天向上》,至今得到观众的推崇与喜爱,除节目主持团体的人气偶像及出色的主持艺术外,"寓教于乐"的方式是其成功的重要因素,它不仅提高了电视收视率,而且还在影响社会风气、引领价值导向、增长文化知识几方面具有积极影响与作用。     

二语口语表达困难成因与对策探讨

二语口语表达困难是学习者遭遇到的一个普遍性难题,而在中国这一问题则显得尤为突出,即所谓的＂哑巴英语＂现象。该现象的形成与输入、输出、语言习得环境、交际策略缺乏、情感焦虑、甚至是教师、教材等因素有直接或间接的关系,但所有这些都不是决定性因素,只在一定程度上产生影响。