邓小平经济伦理思想探析

经济伦理思想是邓小平理论的重要组成部分.邓小平经济伦理思想蕴含在生产、交换、分配、消费的方方面面,从而在理论上成功地解决了经济伦理在整个经济运行过程中所要解决的问题.其意义与作用主要体现在两个方面其一,对社会主义经济实践起到了正确的指导作用;其二,蓄含了我国经济伦理领域思考与研究的理论方法与理论导向.     

Production lot sizing model with insufficient production capacity

A mathematical model is developed for determining the optimal number of batches for the production lot sizing problem where the production capacity is lower than the annual demand requirement. Setup time is included and it is assumed that consumption begins only after the entire batch is produced. The model is illustrated through an example.     

Safety training: An overview of current needs

Abstract

This article considers the changing nature of the demands and pressures faced by today's training practitioner. It emphasizes that safety is no longer a matter of ‘tin hats, safety guards and first aid boxes’, and explores the problems created by new legislation and rapidly changing technology. It also points up the skills required by the safety practitioner in effectively dealing with his/her organization, and the constraints placed on them by social and economic factors. The article reviews the training implications of this developing scenario.     

SPECIAL ISSUE： SPACE PRODUCTION AND URBAN ORDER IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA--The Loss of Urban Order and the Ethical Construction of Urban Order in Contemporary China

快速城市化的中国处于建构城市意义、城市秩序的关键期。城市是一个空间有机体，是人类文明要素的空间化有机聚集；城市意义是城市有机体的伦理纽带，一个没有意义归属的城市将充满风险、冲突频发。在建构城市物质形态的同时，使城市整合为一个有秩序的意义共同体，是实现城市可持续繁荣的内在要求。重构城市空间，从城市物性空间、社会空间、心理空间的整合性与互动性出发，建构合理的“空间—伦理生态”，是建构城市秩序的重要现实路径；以社区、社会组织等为载体，合理推进以意义为纽带的集体行动，是建构城市秩序的重要伦理选择。     

A Comparison of Organic and Conventional Fresh Produce Buyers in the Boston Area

Food safety concerns and the demand for organically grown produce have increased significantly in the United States over the last decade. Key differences in lifestyle characteristics, food safety attitudes and beliefs, perceived food safety risks, and valuation of health risk reductions between organic and conventional food buyers remain largely unknown, however. To better characterize how buyers of organic fresh produce differ from their conventional counterparts, over 700 food shoppers were sampled from ten major retail stores in the Boston area. Survey results show that self-reported organic buyers are more likely than conventional buyers to engage in a variety of health-promoting and environmentally friendly behaviors. Organic buyers are less trusting of federal food safety agencies than are conventional buyers, and perceive greater benefits associated with organically grown produce than do their conventional counterparts. Further, organic buyers have significantly higher risk perceptions than do conventional buyers for food safety hazards associated with conventionally grown produce. Compared to conventional buyers, organic produce buyers also perceive significant risk reductions associated with switching to organically grown produce and are willing to pay a higher price to reduce perceived food safety risks. Few sociodemographic differences between buyer types were observed, possibly due to how organic and conventional food stores were matched. Survey findings highlight the need for greater public education about a range of food safety issues and farming practices to ensure that consumers are making informed decisions in the marketplace.     

Non-linear state space modelling of fisheries biomass dynamics by using Metropolis-Hastings within-Gibbs sampling

State space modelling and Bayesian analysis are both active areas of applied research in fisheries stock assessment. Combining these two methodologies facilitates the fitting of state space models that may be non-linear and have non-normal errors, and hence it is particularly useful for modelling fisheries dynamics. Here, this approach is demonstrated by fitting a non-linear surplus production model to data on South Atlantic albacore tuna ( Thunnus alalunga ). The state space approach allows for random variability in both the data (the measurement of relative biomass) and in annual biomass dynamics of the tuna stock. Sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the unobservables was achieved by using Metropolis-Hastings within-Gibbs sampling.     

Exploring the Effects of Cultural Variables in the Implementation of Behavior-Based Safety in Two Organizations

Abstract

The present case study examines how culture can influence behavior-based safety in different organizational settings and how behavior-based safety can impact different organizational cultures. Behavior-based safety processes implemented in two culturally diverse work settings are described. Specifically, despite identical implementation plans, similarities and differences in the actual implementation of the two behavior-based safety processes are presented with an emphasis on the effects of employee-driven decisions. Data on both implementations and outcome measures are provided. The results are discussed with respect to the potential impact of specific cultural variables.     

中国病人安全立法问题研究

在新医改政策所要达成的长远目标中,病人安全占其首位。解决中国病人安全问题,需要有一个病人安全文化环境。为此,必须重视病人安全立法,创造一个好的制度框架和制度文化环境。本文借鉴丹麦、美国等国家病人安全立法经验,从病人安全事件的定义、建立病人安全事件网络报告制度、病人安全事件自愿报告制度、报告者匿名报告与隐私保护制度、病人安全数据库法律制度、病人安全组织法律制度和政府支持法律制度七个方面,设想了中国病人安全立法的制度安排。     

高等学校文凭生产功能的理性审视

高等教育在生产教育服务的同时,也生产着文凭。文凭（尤其是高等教育文凭）是劳动力市场上证明劳动者能力的一种强信号,高等学校文凭作为一种劳动力市场信号,必须充分彰显其拥有者的工作能力;作为一种政府管制手段,必须着力建构政府与学校、学校与学生之间的良好关系。     

Line Balancing in Parallel M/M/1 Lines and Loss Systems as Cooperative Games

We consider production and service systems that consist of parallel lines of two types: (i) M/M/1 lines and (ii) lines that have no buffers (loss systems). Each line is assumed to be controlled by a dedicated supervisor. The management measures the effectiveness of the supervisors by the long run expected cost of their line. Unbalanced lines cause congestion and bottlenecks, large variation in output, unnecessary wastes and, ultimately, high operating costs. Thus, the supervisors are expected to join forces and reduce the cost of the whole system by applying line‐balancing techniques, possibly combined with either strategic outsourcing or capacity reduction practices. By solving appropriate mathematical programming formulations, the policy that minimizes the long run expected cost of each of the parallel‐lines system, is identified. The next question to be asked is how to allocate the new total cost of each system among the lines' supervisors so that the cooperation's stability is preserved. For that sake, we associate a cooperative game to each system and we investigate its core. We show that the cooperative games are reducible to market games and therefore they are totally balanced, that is, their core and the core of their subgames are non‐empty. For each game a core cost allocation based on competitive equilibrium prices is identified.