Grandparent Carers II

Summary

A demonstration project was undertaken in two of New York City's five boroughs using an intervention model to assess how a three-prong approach using outreach, provision of support groups, and case management could be used to aid grandparents acting as primary carers for children with developmental delay or disabilities. Three small community-based agencies participated in the demonstration. Several common themes were identified that warrant attention when working with older adults who assume later-age parenting roles: (1) recruitment, (2) pressing grandparent problems, (3) unresponsive service systems, (4) falling between the cracks, (5) mutual support, and (6) need for long-term planning.     

关于集团企业财务预算管理的探讨

企业集团管理工作的核心是预算控制,要发挥预算的管控功能,保证预算的准确性是前提,采用适当的预算考核与激励机制是保障。考核激励指标及其评价方法的选择、考核激励的频率以及激励方案的设计是影响预算考核激励效果的主要因素。     

Adjustment failures in an immigrant population: Finns in Sweden

Using data sets from both Sweden and Finland, which have been linked at the individual level, we analyse whether Finnish immigrants who lived in Sweden in 1990 were employed, non-employed, return-migrated, or dead by 2001. The aim is to see how they interrelate with socio-demographic characteristics, and to compare Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking immigrants in this respect. Multinomial logistic regression models reveal that there is great variation in the level of outcomes between the two language groups, but that the interrelation between socio-demographic factors and each outcome is fairly similar across outcomes and across language groups. It is foremost the Finnish-speaking male immigrants who experience problems, having on average two times higher odds of being either non-employed, return-migrated, or death, as compared with Swedish-speaking male immigrants. Social disadvantage may consequently not only take the form of poor labour market position, but also return-migration and death. The paper illustrates the need for separating subgroups of immigrants when one is interested in integrational success. Comments from seminar participants at the Turku Centre for Welfare Research and anonymous persons are gratefully acknowledged.     

上海女性弱势群体就业困境及其政策选择

在劳动就业日益个体化,劳动就业的稳定和保障逐渐消失的状况下,上海女性弱势群体的就业面临着内部资源缺乏与外部环境危机的多重困境。选择上海市女性弱势群体就业政策,不仅要促进上海市女性弱势群体的内部资源积累,还要创造上海市女性弱势群体就业的外部环境。     

Demographic change and response: Social context and the practice of birth control in six countries

This paper expands on Kingsley Davis’s demographic thesis of change and response. Specifically, we consider the social context that accounts for the primacy of particular birth control methods that bring about fertility change during specific time periods. We examine the relevance of state policy (including national family planning programs), the international population establishment, the medical profession, organized religion, and women’s groups using case studies from Japan, Russia, Puerto Rico, China, India, and Cameroon. Some of these countries are undergoing the second demographic transition, others the first. Despite variations in context, heavy reliance on sterilization and/or, abortion as a means of birth control is a major response in most of these countries. The key roles of the medical profession and state policy are discussed, along with the general lack of influence of religion and of women’s groups in these countries.     

广东少数民族流动人口社会支持研究

广东是全国外来少数民族人口输入最多、增长最快的省份,借鉴前人的研究成果,在分析广东少数民族流动人口的正式社会支持和非正式社会支持体系的基础上,从政府、社区、流出地和流入地以及民间组织等几个方面提出了完善广东少数民族流动人口社会支持体系的对策。     

底层中国的主体性建构:一个研究评述

30多年的改革进程在推动中国经济繁荣的同时,也生产出了规模庞大的底层社会,这客观上要求一种从底层出发观察中国社会的新视角。在针对当前我国社会结构的主流讨论中,学者们普遍承认底层存在的事实,并以贫困的农民、进城农民工及下岗失业工人为其构成主体,表现底层的结构主体性。当面对自身利益遭受侵害的困境,底层群体也会奋起反抗,通过一系列维权策略的建构和行动资源的调用展现出极强的主体性行动力量。社会整体必须对底层进行积极的回应,要通过制度改革和社会建设消减底层,制度化底层的利益表达通道,并将底层有效地组织起来。     

我国北方三少民族社会变迁的影响因素研究——基于文化适应的视角

本研究以我国北方三少民族达斡尔族、鄂温克族、鄂伦春族的青少年为被试,基于对文化适应的量化表达考察其社会变迁情况并梳理主要影响因子。量化的结果显示,三少民族青少年对本民族文化适应差异不显著,对主流文化适应差异显著,反映出三个族群各具特点的社会变迁情况;文化智力、人格、母语水平、族际通婚、父母受教育程度等是具有显著意义的文化适应的影响因子。结合田野调查和文献分析发现,政府决策、生计方式、民族杂居等对于文化适应具有显著影响,进而影响该民族的社会变迁。本研究对于探析中华民族多元融合和铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有实证意义。     

Dynamic network analysis of contact diaries

Analyzing two-mode networks linking actors to events they attend may help to uncover the structure and evolution of social networks. This classic social network insight is particularly valuable in the analysis of data extracted from contact diaries where contact events produce — and at the same time are the product of relations among participants. Contact events may comprise any number of actors meeting at a specific point in time. In this paper we recall the correspondence between two-mode actor–event networks and hypergraphs, and propose relational hyperevent models (RHEM) as a general modeling framework for networks of time-stamped multi-actor events in which the diarist (“ego”) simultaneously meets several of her alters. RHEM can estimate event intensities associated with each possible subset of actors that may jointly participate in events, and test network effects that may be of theoretical or empirical interest. Examples of such effects include preferential attachment, prior shared activity (familiarity), closure, and covariate effects explaining the propensity of actors to co-attend events. Statistical tests of these effects can uncover processes that govern the formation and evolution of informal groups among the diarist’s alters. We illustrate the empirical value of RHEM using data comprising almost 2000 meeting events of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with her cabinet ministers, transcribed from contact diaries covering her first term in office (1979–1983).     

强化干预代谢综合征改变心脑血管事件发生风险的纵向随访研究：社区人群心脑血管事件前瞻性研究系列之四

目的了解药物综合干预代谢综合征（MS）是否可以改变发生心脑血管事件的风险。方法采用随机整群抽样南宁市两个社区的1215人符合纳入标准为本次综合干预治疗的研究对象,随机分为强化干预组和对照组。强化干预组人群按照是否患有MS及其相关疾病、疾病前状态（包括高血压、血压前期、肥胖、超重、糖尿病、糖耐量减退、血脂异常）等分别采取不同的强化治疗方案进行干预;对照组人员维持志愿就诊和志愿服药的正常医疗状态,每年随访1次,按WHO—MONICA方案心血管病事件（CVD）的诊断标准登记本年度发生的CVD和死亡事件。结果前瞻性随访研究43．5个月后：①经比较对照组中MS亚组与非MS亚组,MS患者发生心脑血管事件比非MS显著增高（P=-0．02）;②经比较干预组中MS亚组与非MS亚组,干预后MS心脑血管事件下降明显,MS患者发生心脑血管事件与非MS相比无差异（P〉0．05）;③经比较干预和对照两组MS亚组之间心脑血管事件的发生率,干预组为2．7％,对照组为10．1％,差异显著（P=0．03,OR值=4．01,95％CL：1．07—15．10）;两组非MS亚组之间心脑血管事件的发生率分别为2.3％和4．2％,无显著性差异（P=0．12）。结论药物综合干预代谢综合征（MS）可以改变发生心脑血管事件的风险,与对照相比干预后风险降低了约4倍。