北方农民专业合作组织发展的社会学考察

农民专业合作组织正在成为促进农业和农村经济发展、促进农民增收的新的组织形式。但农民专业合作组织发展的内、外部制度环境不健全,从总体上说还处在发展的初级阶段,存在着功能单一、组织形式驳杂、法律地位不明确等突出问题．组织的创新与发展尚面临诸多的障碍,变革与创新已成为组织实现进一步发展的现实选择。     

Parent–professional interviews in child protection: Comparing viewpoints

Several studies have analysed the parent–professional relationship in the field of child protection. Although social workers tend to privilege interviews when working with families and view them as a means through which to build ties, few studies have focused on these interviews. To analyse how professionals and parents position themselves, we chose to focus on the content of these interviews and on the associated interactions. To this end, we recorded 13 parent–professional interviews after receiving the consent of the concerned parties. After analysing the interviews, we asked volunteer social workers and parents to analyse their own recorded interviews. Our results confirm the asymmetric nature of the parent–professional relationship. They show that professionals' viewpoints carry more weight than those of parents. They also underscore professionals' lack of openness and the strategies parents implement to cope with this power imbalance. Lastly, our results open new avenues for reflection on the evolution of practices that may enable professionals to better take into account families' viewpoints.     

构建和谐铁路路风系统的理性选择

铁路路风是指铁路的行业风气,是铁路企业和铁路职工经营管理素质、理想纪律素养、职业道德风貌的外在表现,反映铁路企业管理水平和职工精神面貌的综合指标。铁路路风质量的优劣,集中反映在铁路运输产品——旅客和货物的位移质量上。运输产品的全部质量特征包括安全、准确、舒适、迅速、经济、便利和文明服务等诸多方面。旅客和货主就是根据这些来全面判断路风质量优劣的。必须从整体上对路风质量实行全面控制,不能顾此失彼。     

非营利组织视野下的高校教师管理

高校教师管理工作的关键在于如何帮助教师正视自身所承载的教育使命,处理好教育与科研、生存与发展、个体与组织等一系列关系。本文从高校的非营利组织特性入手,紧扣教师作为非营利组织成员应充分强调其职业理想与价值实现的这一特点,指出在高校教师管理中,尊重与保护教师的理想信念,构建积极有效的“对话”关系,分阶段地展开职业生涯规划,实现教师个体发展与高校发展的和谐统一。     

Design of ISD-1: an instrument for social diagnosis in care homes for older persons*

This article describes the design process and main features of an instrument developed for use in the specialist area of intervention in care homes for older persons. The essential aim of ISD-1 (instrument for social diagnosis) is to permit the correct formulation of social diagnoses and to standardise and define the professional language used by social workers. Its content has been organised into 4 dimensions of social diagnosis, divided into 15 sub-dimensions containing 83 diagnostic categories. This work was performed in Spain, in the 24 care homes of the Madrid Social Care Agency of the Community of Madrid, involving the participation of the 40 social workers practising in these centres. ISD-1 is an easily understood and used tool, of potential use for social workers practising in care homes for older persons and capable of being adapted for use in other institutional environments, as well as being capable of adaptation and translation for its application in other countries.     

Work-related factors associated with psychological distress among social workers

The current study assesses the association between several work-related factors and psychological distress among social workers (SWs) in Israel. The data were collected through structured questionnaires, administered to a sample of 494 SWs. The findings suggest that most of the examined work-related factors (namely, years of professional experience, personal work-related subjection to violence, burnout, compassion fatigue, and sense of coherence), with the exception of compassion satisfaction, significantly predicted psychological distress among SWs. The conclusion is that it is important to embed within the social work practice strategies for reducing sources of psychological distress (job demands) and increasing material, professional, and personal resources. Reducing the levels of psychological distress experienced by SWs will benefit not only themselves, but also their families and colleagues, as well as their clients. Moreover, this has potential benefits for the social work profession and for the general community.     

基于职业承诺视角的酒店管理专业学生顶岗实习分析

影响酒店专业学生职业承诺的因素较多,着重选取学生顶岗实习这一环节,分析学生性格、实习工作性质、工作环境、薪 资报酬等对学生择业、就业的影响;并在此基础上提出,学校要培养学生良好的实习态度,提高学生社会化程度,并加强学生实 习过程管理,合理安排学生工作量,帮助学生建立良好的职业规划;在校企合作上,要精选实习基地,提高学生适应能力,完善 学生实习薪酬体系等,以提高学生从事酒店行业的职业承诺水平。     

新世纪我国高校英语专业英语教师 专业发展现状研究

针对我国高校英语专业英语教育教学面对21世纪挑战所存在的问题,根据叶澜的教师专业发展概念框架,参照教育部颁布的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》（2000）提出的高校英语本科专业课程结构,以及国内外学者对外语教师专业素质的讨论,对我国高校英语专业英语教师专业发展及专业素质作出界定,并进行了系统的现状调查,以期更好地提高和促进我国高校英语专业英语教师的专业素质和专业发展,为新世纪培养出更多的高质量英语人才。     

论全国人大代表比之重构

我国全国人民代表大会的代表数额分配的比例没有法定约束,地区与职业代表之间代表比的差别悬殊大。为了克服上述弊端,全国人大代表制度改革的方向是以废除职业代表制,落实公民实质平等选举权,照顾少数民族和人口较少区域为原则,废除预留代表惯例,完善华侨与港澳台代表之选举。     

普通高校专业教育发展的实践与研究

为了实现提高专业教育水平和"以本科教育为主,面向工矿企业,培养具有应用开发能力的工工程应用型人才"的培养目标。结合我院土木工程专业在办学思路、培养目标、培养模式、师资队伍建设和办学特色等方面的实践与改革,研究普通高校如何提高专业教育水平,探讨专业教育进一步发展之路。