浅析“非专业现象”

通过对计算机软件行业内普遍存在的“非专业现象”的剖析 ,从教育和专业两个方面探讨了计算机专业教育的不足 ;对计算机专业教育的教育思想、教育模式乃至教学方法的不足提出了要进行更深入的思考 ,进而产生实质性的创新 .     

我国人口老龄化水平的区域差异及其分解研究

本文运用方差及其分解等区域差异研究方法,定量分析了我国人口老龄化水平在东、中、西部及省际问的差异,结果表明：我国的人口老龄化水平区域差异不均衡,东、中、西部区域对应人口老龄化水平的“高、中、低”。区际间的差异及东部区域的省际差异有减小的趋势但是总体省际间差异却在不断扩大．尤其是中部和西部区域的省际差异。为此,需要社会共同努力应对人口老龄化水平不均衡所带来的影响。在此基础上,提出了相关的对策措施。     

新时期幼儿教师专业发展:现实特点与未来走向——基于重庆市5个区(县)的实证分析

为了解新时期幼儿教师专业发展的现实特点和预测未来走向，对重庆市5个区（县）775名幼儿教师的专业发展情况进行调研。研究发现，受地域、教龄、学历、职称、入职途径、教师资格等因素的影响，幼儿教师在专业知能、专业投入、专业情感、专业认同、人际支持5个维度上存在差异性和独特性，但也表现出共性和时代特点。因此，在总结相关研究结果的基础上，提出从构建政策支持与保障体系、打造专业发展共同体、提高幼儿教师专业认同感与幸福感等方面入手，促进幼儿教师专业健康持久发展。     

A Game–Theoretic View of the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level

The goal of this paper is to probe the validity of the fiscal theory of the price level by modelling explicitly the market structure in which households and the government make their decisions. I describe the economy as a game, and I am thus able to state precisely the consequences of actions that are out of the equilibrium path. I show that there exist government strategies that lead to a version of the fiscal theory, in which the price level is determined by fiscal variables alone. These strategies are however more complex than the simple budgetary rules usually associated with the fiscal theory, and the government budget constraint cannot be merely viewed as an equilibrium condition.     

Ice‐Breaker vs. Standalone: Comparing Alternative Workflow Modes of Mid‐level Care Providers

Capitalizing on the operational concept of division‐of‐labor, clinics often reduce physician service time by off‐loading some of his/her clinical activities to lower‐cost personnel. These personnel, such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants, are often collectively referred to as “mid‐level providers” (MLPs) and can perform many patient‐consultation tasks. The common rationale is that using an MLP allows the physician to serve more patients, increase patients’ access to care, and, due to MLPs’ lower salaries, improve the clinic's financial performance. An MLP is typically integrated into the outpatient clinic process in one of two modes: as an “ice‐breaker,” seeing each patient before the physician, or as a “standalone” provider, a substitute for the physician for the entirety of some patients’ visits. Despite both of these modes being widely used in practice, we find no research that identifies the circumstances under which either one is preferable. This study examines these two modes’ effects on operational performance, such as patient flow and throughput, as well as on financial measures. Using queueing and bottleneck analysis, discrete‐event simulation, and profit modeling, we compare these two deployment modes and identify the optimal policies for deploying MLPs as either ice‐breakers or as standalone providers. Interestingly, we also find there exists a range of scenarios where not hiring an MLP at all (i.e., the physician works alone) is likely to be most profitable for the clinic. Implications for practice are discussed.     

Mitigating Inventory Overstocking: Optimal Order‐up‐to Level to Achieve a Target Fill Rate over a Finite Horizon

Service level agreements (SLAs) are widely adopted performance‐based contracts in operations management practice, and fill rate is the most common performance metric among all the measurements in SLAs. Traditional procedures characterizing the order‐up‐to level satisfying a specified fill rate implicitly assume an infinite performance review horizon. However, in practice, inventory managers are liable to maintain and report fill rates over a finite performance review horizon. This horizon discrepancy leads to deviation between the target fill rate and actual achieved fill rate. In this study, we first examine the behavior of the fill rate distribution over a finite horizon with positive lead time. We analytically prove that the expected fill rate assuming an infinite performance review horizon exceeds the expected fill rate assuming a finite performance review horizon, implying that there exists some inventory “waste” (i.e., overstocking) when the traditional procedure is used. Based on this observation and the complexity of the problem, we propose a simulation‐based algorithm to reduce excess inventory while maintaining the contractual target fill rate. When the lead time is significant relative to the length of the contract horizon, we show that the improvement in the inventory system can be over 5%. Further, we extend our basic setting to incorporate the penalty for failing to meet a target, and show how one can solve large‐scale problems via stochastic approximation. The primary managerial implication of our study is that ignoring the performance review horizon in an SLA will cause overstocking, especially when the lead time is large.     

战略性转移定价承诺策略下的供应商选择柔性研究

在上游供应商的战略性转移定价承诺策略与下游制造商投资创新决策之间存在着交互作用,笔者将静态环境下的这种交互作用与不同柔性层次下的动态供应网络架构相结合,以供应链路径柔性为切入点,基于承诺的交货提前期、投资创新、产量与供应链收益等供应链绩效维度来探讨战略性转移定价承诺策略下的供应链合作模式相关话题。考虑到AM_j在不同CS_#em/em#之间进行选择的柔性化特征,笔者至少得到如下三个方面的结论:首先,供应网络架构柔性是供应链整体及其各节点企业获取绩效改善的重要途径,与没有柔性相比,完全柔性和部分柔性情形下的供应链绩效均能得到明显改善,而其中又以完全柔性优势最为突出;其次,虽然部分柔性是供应网络架构中较为可行的柔性层次选择,但是,其与完全柔性一样,容易产生供应网络资源的供给与需求失衡现象;第三,不确定性情境下的一体化决策与确定性情境下的转移定价承诺决策对供应链利润绩效所产生的影响取决于供应网络柔性层次以及供应网络节点企业各自的能力特点,进而对供应链整体及其各节点的合作模式和行为取向起着主导作用。     

MC模式下个性化定制程度的优化

本文讲述了实施MC战略,在MC能力一定的情况下,企业如何合理确定个性化定制程度的问题。首先,对顾客的个性化需求作了分析,研究了企业的收入与顾客满意和定制程度之间的关系,建立了优化产出和生产指派的模型及算法;接着探讨了企业个性化成本与定制程度的关系,并基于利润最大化原则,提出了确定最优定制程度的一般方法;最后,举了一个实例,对文中的相关模型和方法进行了说明分析。     

提高外贸英语教学效果的探索

外贸英语有其专业的特殊性。教师可通过创设情景，围绕“外贸”二字精讲多练，开展多种活动让学生有更多的机会综合运用知识等途经增强学生的自信心，以达到较好的教学效果。     

社会主义市场经济与教师的职业道德

社会主义市场经济体制的建立,为教育事业提供了越来越多的有利条件,对教师素质的提高带来了积极的影响,同时,也对教育事业和广大教师提出了新的更高的要求.进一步加强教师的职业道德修养,就需确立开拓创新观念、优胜劣汰观念、自主自强观念.