劳动力结构老化对粮食生产的影响

我国农业劳动力结构已呈现出明显的老化趋势,从全国整体情况来看,农业劳动力结构老化并没有对主要粮食作物生产有显著的负效应。但分区域研究表明,农户从事农业生产的目的或需求有差异,导致不同地区农业劳动力结构老化对农业生产的影响不同,东部地区已显现出负向影响,中、西部及东北地区则没有表现出显著影响。     

幼儿园社会活动开展存在的问题及对策探析

幼儿社会领域学习与发展的实质在于社会化,即社会性不断发展并奠定健康个性的基础。针对当前幼儿园社会活动开展中存在的问题,可以通过开展专业培训,提高教师目标设计及对内容的把握水平,提高教师组织实施能力,提高教师引领家长参与意识以及评价科学化、精细化,这四种途径来解决。     

Predicting 1-Year Change in Body Mass Index Among College Students

Objective: Despite beliefs about weight gain in college, few researchers have evaluated this phenomenon. Participants: Participants were 18- to 31-year-old students at a midwestern university. The dependent variable was body mass index (BMI) change. Methods: The authors extracted predictor variables from a Health Risk Appraisal. These included clinical, medical history, medical usage, medications, pain or chronic conditions, perceptual measures, and behavioral factors. The authors performed an ordinal regression technique separately by gender. Results: No predictors were significant for men. Women in the BMI gain group were (1) more likely to consume alcohol, use maladaptive coping behaviors, eat foods low in fiber, and consume caffeine; and (2) less likely to be stress-free, to eat cruciferous vegetables, and to refrain from eating high-cholesterol foods. Conclusions: The lack of research on predictors of and interventions for reducing BMI gain among college students warrants more research.     

Appropriate Terminology for the Alcohol,Eating, and Physical Activity Relationship

Abstract

“Drunkorexia” merges prior literature identifying positive relationships between (a) alcohol use/abuse and disordered eating/eating disorders, (b) alcohol use/abuse and physical activity, and (c) disordered eating/eating disorders and physical activity. The term, highlighting an individual's proactive and/or reactive weight management behaviors (ie, disordered eating, physical activity) in relation to alcohol consumption, originated in news editorials and has recently gained recognition via use in scholarly publications. The purpose of this commentary is to recommend discontinuing use of the term “drunkorexia” due to (a) inconsistent definitions of drunkorexia across investigations, (b) drunkorexia being a misnomer, and (c) the medical community's lack of recognition/acceptance of drunkorexia. Because the behaviors encompassed by drunkorexia are of concern to researchers and health professionals, future investigations are still warranted. However, until a medically recognized term/phrase is accepted, scholars should utilize more appropriate characterizations such as “weight-conscious drinkers,” “weight management behaviors of drinkers,” or “Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified” (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision).     

Exploring the Association Between Dispositional Cancer Worry,Perceived Risk,and Physical Activity Among College Women

Abstract

Objective: In this study, the authors explored the association between dispositional cancer worry (DCW), risk perceptions (RP), and physical activity (PA) among college females. Participants: Four hundred fifty-one females from a midwestern university completed an online survey in September/October 2012. Methods: DCW severity, DCW frequency, RP, and PA were measured along with qualitative data about PA as cancer prevention. Results: Sixty-nine percent of participants did not meet PA recommendations. DCW severity was a significant predictor of meeting PA recommendations (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [1.00, 1.38]; p = .05). Qualitative data revealed a lack of knowledge about breast cancer risk and PA as cancer prevention. Conclusions: College women do not engage in enough PA nor feel at risk for developing breast cancer. A lack of knowledge exists about the cancer prevention benefit of PA. Results indicate a need for PA interventions that both educate breast cancer risk and motivate health protective behaviors.     

Raising Self-esteem through Social Networking Intervention for Older Chinese Adults in Hong Kong

Sudden physical changes can take a toll on older adults' self-esteem. Broadening their social support networks is one approach to retaining their self-esteem. This quasi-experimental study aims to test the effectiveness of a social networking program to raise self-esteem. The results from split-group analyses demonstrate that those who maintained active participation exhibited higher self-esteem. The results provide significant implications for future practice, especially to the less-educated males.     

贵州区域创新比较优势研究

贵州作为一个科技资源比较落后的地区,区域创新能力弱。要实现区域经济和社会的快速发展,首先要增强区域创新能力。贵州区域创新要在比较优势理论的指导下发挥比较优势。     

地域文化资源的利用与文化创意产业的发展——以恩施州利川市为例

在当代，以一定的地域文化资源为底蕴，大力发展文化创意产业，已成为世界的一种大趋势。从利川的实际情况看，存在着巴文化、民族文化或土家文化、非物质文化遗产、革命文化、以“喀斯特”溶洞为标志的自然与人文景观文化等丰富多彩的地域文化资源。利川应该在此基础之上，围绕“洞穴之都、清凉利川”的总体定位，制定切实可行的宏观战略，同时进行必要的微观创意，力争早日把自己建设成为鄂西生态文化旅游圈的一个重要战略支撑点，并逐步推向全国乃至全世界。     

Reforming the Oversight of Multi-Site Clinical Research: A Review of Two Possible Solutions

The current system for the ethical oversight of clinical research suffers from structural, procedural, and performance assessment problems. Initially conceived primarily to handle local investigator-initiated single-site studies, the system of institutionally-based committee review has become progressively more inefficient given the increased prevalence of commercially or federally sponsored multi-center trials. To date, proposed solutions do not adequately address these problems.

Beginning with a review of these structural, procedural, and performance assessment problems, this article will then consider two proposals for addressing these deficiencies: (a) regional ethics organizations; and (b) IRBNet?, a newly developed web-based program for cooperative IRB review. The strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches will be evaluated in light of recent experience with centralized review. The proposal to establish a system of regional ethics organizations presents a comprehensive approach to many of the problems faced by the current system. However, IRBNet? offers an immediate and feasible solution to many of the problems faced by the review of multi-site clinical studies.     

古代城市中民间社、会的组织与活动

唐朝以前,由于实行封闭的里坊管理体制,城市中的民间组织难以固定.宋代以后,出现了许多以城市居民为文要成份的民间社团.它们或作为政府对居民管理的补充,或作为旨趣相同者的团体,在城市中广泛开展活动,丰富了城市生活,对城市文明的发展与进步起了重要作用.主要类型有工商业社团、文人社团和民间秘密社团.