Lumping and splitting: Notes on social classification

This paper examines the mental process of grouping “similar” things together in distinct clusters and separating “different” clusters from one another. The role language plays in providing us with seemingly homogeneous mental niches for lumping things together yet at the same time allowing us to carve seemingly discrete categories out of experiential continua directs the sociological study of classification to intersubjective, conventional mindscapes that are neither personal nor “logical.” The paper identifies a nonmetric, topological mode of thinking that involves playing down intracluster while exaggerating intercluster mental distances and ends with some methodological observations of the need to approach classification from a comparative perspective as well as highlighting the role of spatial zoning, rites of separation, and Freudian slips in the study of the social construction of difference and similarity.     

原始分类的起源和动力——重检罗德尼·尼达姆的批评

涂尔干和莫斯的《原始分类》是文化人类学的经典著作。两位作者通过对澳洲、祖尼人和苏人以及中国的分类体系的既有资料分析,认为,原始分类源于社会本身,其动力是集体情感。这本著作的英文版译者罗德尼·尼达姆在译文导言中对该著作进行了致命的批评。本文通过解读原著,发现尼达姆的诸多批评缺乏根据,从而为原著正名。     

对民间宗教价值的反思--以湖南文江为案例

本文在实地调查的基础上分析了民间寺庙的三种类型--一是较为自发和简易的"三间房"类型;二是带有象征意味的较为雄壮气派的类型;三是带有旅游参观性质的具有一定官方背景的类型;并分析各种类型寺庙的建立原因,分别给予理论上的解释,由此进一步讨论了民间宗教的功能及其价值.     

略论西夏上奏文书

西夏上奏文书从有关史籍可知,数量不少,但是完全保留下来的并不多,这些文书就成为研究西夏与宋、辽、金关系的珍贵史料,也是了解西夏政治制度的有力佐证。本文简单地勾勒了西夏上奏宋、辽、金文书的概况,并对其进行了类别的划分,然后对上奏文书进行了粗略地探讨,以方便学者们的研究。     

Unbalanced data classification using support vector machines with active learning on scleroderma lung disease patterns

Unbalanced data classification has been a long-standing issue in the field of medical vision science. We introduced the methods of support vector machines (SVM) with active learning (AL) to improve prediction of unbalanced classes in the medical imaging field. A standard SVM algorithm with four different AL approaches are proposed: (1) The first one uses random sampling to select the initial pool with AL algorithm; (2) the second doubles the training instances of the rare category to reduce the unbalanced ratio before the AL algorithm; (3) the third uses a balanced pool with equal number from each category; and (4) the fourth uses a balanced pool and implements balanced sampling throughout the AL algorithm. Grid pixel data of two scleroderma lung disease patterns, lung fibrosis (LF), and honeycomb (HC) were extracted from computed tomography images of 71 patients to produce a training set of 348 HC and 3009 LF instances and a test set of 291 HC and 2665 LF. From our research, SVM with AL using balanced sampling compared to random sampling increased the test sensitivity of HC by 56% (17.5% vs. 73.5%) and 47% (23% vs. 70%) for the original and denoised dataset, respectively. SVM with AL with balanced sampling can improve the classification performances of unbalanced data.     

论老字号的认定和分类标准

老字号是长寿的企业和企业名称品牌,是体现中国文化特质的企业形态。以北京西城老字号为研究对象,在认真总结近年来各级政府相关政策制定及实施情况的基础上,科学确定老字号的分级认定条件和分级标准体系,对于确立和提升老字号的社会地位,更好地发挥老字号在提供行业示范、优化产业结构、完善地区形象、充实城市精神、推动中华民族优秀文化传承方面的作用,扩大老字号的社会影响,以及探索新的研究思路和方法,都具有十分重要的意义。     

对民族高校图书分类法中以人分类诸问题刍议

本文通过对国内使用较广泛的三部分类法中存在的以人分类问题的思考,以及对所设类目的内涵及分类理论、分类原则等的分析,认为以人分类既不科学,也不利于与国际分类法的统一与规范.文章提出,根据时代发展需要,探寻科学的图书分类方法,逐步改变我国民族高校图书分类法中以人分类的旧模式,将是图书分类史上的大势所趋.     

完全环和半完全环

本文定义了相对投射复盖,用它刻划了完全环和半完全环,并讨论了半完全环中生成子的等价条件.     

我国农业土地产权结构的分类及发展趋势

产权关系既是一种法律关系,又是一种经济关系。农村的产权关系同时还包括一种社会伦理道德关系。通 过分析农村产权关系的典型,对辽宁省锦州市的农村农业产权关系及其结构设想了一种大胆的发展趋势,供诸位同仁探 讨,供相关国家部门决策时参考。     

Recognizing and utilizing projective identification in brief psychodynamic therapy: A case example

Projective identification is a means by which clients unconsciously communicate their affective, and often intolerable, experiences. Being on the receiving end of a client’s projective identifications can be elusive, confusing, and intense; consequently, the information afforded by projective identification is often disregarded in the therapeutic process. This paper will provide a case example of the author’s personal affective and clinical experiences with a 19-year-old client to illustrate the process of recognizing and utilizing projective identification in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy. Implications and challenges for utilizing projective identification in brief therapy are discussed.This paper was presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 2004.