电子合同刍议

电子合同是电子商务的基本形式。电子合同指运用电子通讯手段签订的协议。我国的新合同法将电子合同称为数据电文合同。电子合同有广义和狭义之分。广义的电子合同包括利用电子计算机、发报机、电传机、传真机等手段签订的合同。狭义的电子合同仅指利用电子计算机订立的合同。电子合同的基本形式有两种：电子数据交换和电子邮件。电子合同的基本特征有三：一是合同签订的无纸化;二是合同履行的无形化;三是合同签订和履行的超时空化。     

The Tunnel at the End of the Light: the Crisis of Transition in Hungary

The economic, political and social transition processes of the last two decades, far from being in harmony, clearly have a detrimental rather than an enriching influence on each other. These processes will never become harmonised just by themselves in a natural fashion. The worst obstacle of a successful transformation is that the chief actors, such as the government, the market and the representatives of the society. The Prince, the Merchant and the Citizen do not show the necessary commitment, competence and determination to create a new, effective type of partnership. This is a challenge which urgently demands answers on all levels of governance, economic and social life. This must be done in the frames of local communities, and on the regional, the European and the global levels. Nearly twenty years after the political turnabout, Hungary now needs a new social contract and must lay down the ethical, political, institutional and intellectual foundations for its twenty-first century democracy.

FIDIC合同条件中工程师的作用及其在中国的发挥

FIDIC合同条件中对工程师授权的宽泛性和工程师作用的充分发挥一直被看做该合同条件的一个特点和长处。文章分析该合同条件中工程师的权利和职责,特别是在工程设计、工程质量和争议解决方面,并且探讨这些作用在中国环境下的发挥。     

Job insecurity and work outcomes: The role of psychological contract breach and positive psychological capital

Job insecurity has received growing attention from researchers because it poses serious challenges for organisations and for society as a whole. However, there are insufficient studies about the processes through which job insecurity affects outcomes as well as potential ways to reduce its negative impact. This study focuses on the relationship between job insecurity and individual-level outcomes (in-role performance and organisational deviance) and examines if (a) job insecurity is positively and/or negatively related to work outcomes, (b) psychological contract breach acts as a mediator of the relationship between job insecurity and work outcomes, and (c) positive psychological capital (PsyCap) buffers the job insecurity–work outcomes relationship via psychological contract breach. With a sample of 362 employee–supervisor dyads, in which the outcome measures were collected from the supervisors, we found support for our hypotheses. Specifically, we found a moderated mediation effect, whereby PsyCap moderates the negative indirect relationship of job insecurity on outcomes through psychological contract breach.     

Coordinating contracts for a financially constrained supply chain

We consider a financially constrained supply chain in which a supplier (leader) sells products to a retailer (follower) who has no access to bank financing due to her low credit rating. However, the supplier can borrow from a bank and offer trade credit to the retailer to alleviate her financial constraint. Failure to pay off a bank loan or trade credit incurs a variable default cost. We analyze the centralized version of the supply chain to obtain new coordination requirements. We then examine whether revenue-sharing, buyback, and all-unit quantity discount contracts can coordinate our supply chain. We show that the all-unit quantity discount contract fails to coordinate. However, the revenue-sharing and buyback contracts can coordinate the supply chain, but only when the supply chain has a sufficient total working capital. Moreover, they cannot allocate profit flexibly unless the supplier has a large enough working capital. Finally, we design a generalized revenue-sharing contract that coordinates the supply chain with flexible profit allocation, and also show by numerical examples its superiority over the revenue-sharing and buyback contracts.     

基于心理契约的民办高校辅导员管理策略研究

本文根据心理契约的内涵和特点,分析了目前在高校辅导员队伍中运用心理契约的必要性,同时提出了运用心理契约促进高校辅导员管理的对策。     

论网络点击合同下消费者权益的法律保护

点击合同是格式合同在网络环境下的嬗变,是电子商务交易中的主要形式之一。点击合同在信息披露、不公平条款、合同确认方式等方面存在很多亟待解决的新问题,这些问题也直接影响到网络消费者权益的保护。我国应当在借鉴国际先进立法和实践的基础上,对点击合同予以重点监管和规制以适应网络经济发展的需要,为网络消费者权益的保护提供制度保障。     

心理契约在高校学风建设中的功能与应用

为避免高校学风建设过于强调刚性的制度建设,注重建立科学化的管理体系而忽略主观能动性的发挥,通过对心理契约的导向、凝聚、激励、整合等功能表现的挖掘,提出高校学风建设过程中教育者与受教育者之间心理契约的建立(E阶段)、调整(A阶段)和实现(R阶段),即"E-A-R模型",调动实践主体的主观能动性。     

对“公司＋农户”组织模式的反思

本文对当前我国“公司＋农户”组织模式困境作了较为深入的剖析。一是对公司和农户签订的契约环境进行分析,找出“公司＋农户”组织困境产生的根源。二是对履约过程中的障碍进行分析,找出“公司＋农户”组织运行的困境。结合我国实际提出了“公司＋农户”组织模式改进的建议：通过提高农户的组织化程度,构建有效的治理结构,摆脱集体行动逻辑的困境;扩大农户生产规模,提高自我履约能力;双方建立起真正的利益共享机制;政府体制进行改进和互补性制度的安排。     

宅基地使用权取得的法律结构

关于宅基地使用权的取得,《物权法》存在法律漏洞。填补这一漏洞的方式为类推关于土地承包经营权的法律规则,设定该权利取得的法律结构。农户取得宅基地使用权的法律结构以农村村民的成员权为逻辑基点,以合同机制为逻辑线索,具体构成为:农村村民行使成员权与其所属集体经济组织签订的宅基地使用权合同,该物权合同以行政审核与审批为生效要件,宅基地使用权因合同生效而当然设立,不需要履行登记等其他程序。