促进农民共同富裕的教育分流机制与政策

农民共同富裕是一段时期中国共同富裕的最大短板和制约瓶颈,知识经济社会背景下教育是改造优化农民进而实现农民共同富裕的根本出路。历史上,美国曾在全国各州广设赠地学院开展面向农民的农业工业化教育,实现了大学、农业、农民、政府等多主体互利多赢。从分流施教看,目前我国教育分流促农共富存在没有有效关注多数农民的流源问题、将农民教育置于最低层次的流层问题、多用非正规形式进行教育的流型问题、只顾眼前而忽视长远质量的流质问题和过分强调初级农产品农业的流向问题。面向三农现代化和强国建设,我国教育分流促农共富亟需构建培育新型农民、造就务工市民、幸福农民子代、促使农民回流、加快农民更新的系列促进机制,内外分流相互结合,改造提升和转化循环有机统一。推动五大系列机制良性运行,我国需要立法赋予高等教育承担转化农民的教育分流职能,建立以本科教育为主体的促农共富教育分流体系,实施配套教育改革和政策保障。     

L'économie des plateformes sous l'angle de la géographie ouvrière: comprendre les stratégies d'organisation collective dans le contexte du travail intermédié par les plateformes numériques

L'auteure analyse sous un angle géographique la lutte collective des travailleurs de plateforme. Distinguant deux formes de travail de plateforme (l'offre de services locaux et le microtravail), elle examine leurs caractéristiques spatiales respectives et les stratégies d'organisation collective spécifiques à chacune. À partir de trois démarches de dialogue social (comités d'entreprise, négociation collective et accords multientreprises), elle cherche à comprendre pourquoi chaque catégorie de travailleurs de plateforme choisit telle stratégie plutôt que telle autre. Elle analyse les cadres réglementaires dans lesquels s'inscrivent les luttes collectives de ces travailleurs et les chances de voir cette mobilisation améliorer leurs conditions de travail.     

Blinded sample size re‐estimation in crossover bioequivalence trials

In drug development, bioequivalence studies are used to indirectly demonstrate clinical equivalence of a test formulation and a reference formulation of a specific drug by establishing their equivalence in bioavailability. These studies are typically run as crossover studies. In the planning phase of such trials, investigators and sponsors are often faced with a high variability in the coefficients of variation of the typical pharmacokinetic endpoints such as the area under the concentration curve or the maximum plasma concentration. Adaptive designs have recently been considered to deal with this uncertainty by adjusting the sample size based on the accumulating data. Because regulators generally favor sample size re‐estimation procedures that maintain the blinding of the treatment allocations throughout the trial, we propose in this paper a blinded sample size re‐estimation strategy and investigate its error rates. We show that the procedure, although blinded, can lead to some inflation of the type I error rate. In the context of an example, we demonstrate how this inflation of the significance level can be adjusted for to achieve control of the type I error rate at a pre‐specified level. Furthermore, some refinements of the re‐estimation procedure are proposed to improve the power properties, in particular in scenarios with small sample sizes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Practical approaches for design and analysis of clinical trials of infertility treatments: crossover designs and the Mantel–Haenszel method are recommended

Crossover designs have some advantages over standard clinical trial designs and they are often used in trials evaluating the efficacy of treatments for infertility. However, clinical trials of infertility treatments violate a fundamental condition of crossover designs, because women who become pregnant in the first treatment period are not treated in the second period. In previous research, to deal with this problem, some new designs, such as re‐randomization designs, and analysis methods including the logistic mixture model and the beta‐binomial mixture model were proposed. Although the performance of these designs and methods has previously been evaluated in large‐scale clinical trials with sample sizes of more than 1000 per group, the actual sample sizes of infertility treatment trials are usually around 100 per group. The most appropriate design and analysis for these moderate‐scale clinical trials are currently unclear. In this study, we conducted simulation studies to determine the appropriate design and analysis method of moderate‐scale clinical trials for irreversible endpoints by evaluating the statistical power and bias in the treatment effect estimates. The Mantel–Haenszel method had similar power and bias to the logistic mixture model. The crossover designs had the highest power and the smallest bias. We recommend using a combination of the crossover design and the Mantel–Haenszel method for two‐period, two‐treatment clinical trials with irreversible endpoints. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Increasing the sample size at interim for a two‐sample experiment without Type I error inflation

For the case of a one‐sample experiment with known variance σ²=1, it has been shown that at interim analysis the sample size (SS) may be increased by any arbitrary amount provided: (1) The conditional power (CP) at interim is ?50% and (2) there can be no decision to decrease the SS (stop the trial early). In this paper we verify this result for the case of a two‐sample experiment with proportional SS in the treatment groups and an arbitrary common variance. Numerous authors have presented the formula for the CP at interim for a two‐sample test with equal SS in the treatment groups and an arbitrary common variance, for both the one‐ and two‐sided hypothesis tests. In this paper we derive the corresponding formula for the case of unequal, but proportional SS in the treatment groups for both one‐sided superiority and two‐sided hypothesis tests. Finally, we present an SAS macro for doing this calculation and provide a worked out hypothetical example. In discussion we note that this type of trial design trades the ability to stop early (for lack of efficacy) for the elimination of the Type I error penalty. The loss of early stopping requires that such a design employs a data monitoring committee, blinding of the sponsor to the interim calculations, and pre‐planning of how much and under what conditions to increase the SS and that this all be formally written into an interim analysis plan before the start of the study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论尼采的政治哲学

弗里德里希·威廉·尼采 ( Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche,公元 1 844— 1 90 0年 )是德国由自由资本主义向帝国主义过渡时期最敏锐地反映资产阶级要求的哲学家和政治思想家。他的政治哲学形成于 1 9世纪 70— 80年代。他从当时德国资产阶级实际发展的状况出发 ,宣称要摧毁“一切旧的价值体系”,并重新估价一切价值 ,创立以“权力意志”论为基础 ,以“超人”学说为核心的强者的价值体系。尼采的政治哲学就是建立在这种价值体系之上的 ,具有浓重时代气息的社会政治思潮 ,对当时德国资本主义的发展产生了重要影响     

党的历史方位变化与现代化推进方式的转换

中国共产党诞生以来的历史方位发生了两大转变,能否科学准确地判断党所处的历史方位并自觉实现角色转换,关系到党能否采取恰当的方式推进现代化进程.新民主主义革命时期中国共产党以革命方式推动了现代化的发展,历史方位的第二个重大转变则实现了现代化推进方式由革命到改革的转换.     

如何正确看待现代管理中的"古典热"现象

依据泰罗、法约尔和韦伯管理理论的基本内容 ,总结出各自管理理论的精神实质。根据现代管理环境对管理的要求 ,分析评价了这些精神实质对现代管理的重要作用及意义。指出“回到泰罗去”,“重新认识法约尔”,“韦伯热”等“古典热”现象的本质是将泰罗、法约尔和韦伯管理理论的精神实质扬弃地应用于现代管理中     

《南方谈话》与社会主义的再认识——纪念邓小平同志《南方谈话》发表10周年

邓小平同志的《南方谈话》为我国改革开放、建设有中国特色的社会主义指明了前进方向。邓小平理论已成为我国建设有中国特色社会主义的指导思想。该文结合《南方谈话》对社会主义及其本质进行了再认识。     

论英语词汇学习的记忆、遗忘与效率提高

阐述了外语记忆的理论,分析了外语记忆和遗忘的原因及其规律,其目的在于有针对性地提出一些提高英语词汇学习记忆效率的具体策略。