环境污染责任的构成要件研究——基于《侵权责任法》第八章的分析

环境污染责任属无过错责任,原则上以环境污染行为、损害事实、行为与损害之间的因果关系这三项为构成要件。环境污染责任作为一种危险责任,不要求污染行为具有违法性。环境污染责任的保护范围主要限于物质性人格权和物权．不包括环境权。环境污染的损害类型包括人身损害、财产损害、精神损害。在因果关系方面,我国相关法律确立的举证责任倒置模式与比较法上一些采用因果关系推定的新理论存在差异。     

Priority Setting for the Distribution of Localized Hazard Protection

We address the problem of distributing safety-enhancing devices across a region, where each identical device provides for only local protection of the population. The devices protect nonidentical sectors of the population. The sectors of population are exposed to nonidentical intensities of hazard. A method for the screening and prioritizing of needs for the protective devices is described. An approach of risk-benefit-cost analysis under uncertainty is recommended as follows. Measures of hazard intensity and population exposure are identified. Exogenous parameters that influence assessments of risks, benefits, and costs are identified. Uncertainties of the exogenous parameters are propagated by interval analysis. Several tiers of the plausibility of need for protection are identified. The tiers are useful in setting priorities for the distribution of the safety devices. The method is demonstrated in an engineering application to roadway lighting, but has implications for disaster preparedness, anti-terrorism, transportation safety, and other arenas of public safety.     

延迟决策对一类产出系统演化的影响研究

企业作为有限理性的经济主体,在做下阶段的生产决策时可能不仅考虑本期而是要综合考虑以往连续多期的边际利润情况。研究表明,加入时滞以后,系统纳什平衡点的稳定域明显扩大,从而为在混沌经济系统中实现倍周期分岔控制提供了现实途径,同时,还会使系统在纳什平衡点出现hopf分岔等新的动力学演化行为。而且,以累积利润为指标的系统表现可以得到改善。首先引入延迟决策的企业将获得更大的相对竞争优势。而在两家企业都引入延迟决策的情况下,伴随第二家企业产量调整速度的增加,它们将交替获得竞争优势。     

基于动态规划多期期货套期保值优化模型研究

通过对套期保值者头寸价值变化量的分析,采用动态规划方法,建立了多期套期保值动态模型,推导出多期套期保值进行动态跟踪调整的策略。该模型的特点一是反映了期货交易费用在套期保值中的作用,解决了现有期货套期保值策略忽略交易费用的不足,提高了模型的准确性。二是考虑保证金对期货套期保值的影响。把期货交易保证金的机会损失纳入套期保值策略内,从而使套期保值直接反映了期货保证金无利息收入、而存在机会成本的真实情况,弥补了现有研究不考虑期货交易保证金的机会损失的缺陷。三是体现了套期保值者收益最大化的原则。解决了现有模型只考虑了规避期货和现货组合的价格波动风险,忽略组合的收益的弊端,增加了模型的实用性和适用性。     

Communicating with the Public About Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks: Results from a Survey Experiment on Factors Influencing Intention to “Run,Hide, Tell” in the United Kingdom and Denmark

Effective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but until recently, there has been very little pre‐event communication in a European context to provide advice to the public on how to protect themselves during an attack. Following terrorist attacks involving mass shootings in Paris, France, in November 2015, the U.K. National Police Chiefs’ Council released a Stay Safe film and leaflet that advises the public to “run,” “hide,” and “tell” in the event of a firearms or weapons attack. However, other countries, including Denmark, do not provide preparedness information of this kind, in large part because of concern about scaring the public. In this survey experiment, 3,003 U.K. and Danish participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no information, a leaflet intervention, and a film intervention to examine the impact of “Run, Hide, Tell” advice on perceptions about terrorism, the security services, and intended responses to a hypothetical terrorist firearms attack. Results demonstrate important benefits of pre‐event communication in relation to enhancing trust, encouraging protective health behaviors, and discouraging potentially dangerous actions. However, these findings also suggest that future communications should address perceived response costs and target specific problem behaviors. Cross‐national similarities in response suggest this advice is suitable for adaptation in other countries.     

劣势耐用品厂商的产品质保期与质保服务投入策略研究

在实际中,消费者购买耐用品时均同时获得厂商提供的质保服务,由于产品质保服务影响着消费者的产品使用效用,因此耐用品定价、质保期和产品质保服务投入是影响厂商利润的主要因素。考虑双寡头市场环境下,建立微分博弈模型讨论单位产品质保服务投入和产品质保期对双寡头厂商均衡价格的影响。结论表明双寡头厂商的单位产品质保服务投入越高、质保期越长,均衡价格越高;但单位产品保服务投入与质保服务对消费者效用影响系数的关系影响着竞争对手在均衡价格的变化趋势;劣势的低质量厂商可以通过增加单位产品质保服务投入策略或延长质保期的策略实现在均衡下与高质量厂商以同等价格销售耐用品,但劣势厂商增加单位产品质保服务投入策略要优于延长质保期策略。最后,利用数值分析进一步验证了所得结论的有效性。     

美国、欧盟计算机软件相关发明的专利保护比较研究

分别从计算机软件相关发明专利保护的立法、判例法的发展和演变、专利申请审查实践准则等方面出发,对美国和欧盟计算机软件相关发明的专利保护进行了对比分析,总结出两者现行司法和审查实践中的一致和分歧,以及各自的优劣,从而获得对中国的启示。     

中国西部风景河流的保护政策探析

通过分析我国西部流域开发中的不同争论,强调河流的审美功能也同样值得关注。在对美国《自然与风景河流法案》进行分析的基础上,认为有必要进一步促进公众的参与,通过加强流域总体规划,构建具有中国特色的风景河流保护体系,并形成统一的中国国家公园管理体系,这将有力促进西部可持续发展。     

后新时期的商业大众类知青小说分析

商业大众类知青小说在后新时期知青小说中占据着压倒性的数量优势,池莉、叶辛、晓剑等许多作家都是这类小说的创作者.它主要重视性、寻宝、谋杀、侦破、奇风异俗等常规性猎奇要素,偶尔也会运用狂欢要素和三角恋等古老原型,表现出了强烈的娱乐性和刺激性.这种特征也渗透到政治权威类和纯文学类知青小说中,具有着强大的影响力.此类小说的后果是将历史娱乐化、肤浅化,使历史真实被享乐性需求所覆盖,也造就了主体的自欺态度,它同时使作家被物质欲望所俘获而无法超越时代,使文学成为刺激品,进而也使读者失去精神的深度而碎片化.     

试论唐宋及以前时期封建统治阶级的治黎政策

本文论述唐宋及以前时期封建统治阶级的治黎政策。