论引人误解的虚假宣传行为的判断标准

引人误解的虚假宣传行为在各个国家或地区的称谓和含义都是不完全相同的,但不论其表现形式如何,其法律本质却是相同的。引人误解的虚假宣传行为是中国对这类不正当竞争行为的独特称谓,以中国特有的这一名称作为对此类不正当竞争行为的称谓来进行论述,阐述了国际上一些国家或者地区对此类不正当竞争行为进行认定的判断标准,并综合以上分析指出它对我国的借鉴意义。     

蛋白质规则二级结构中亲疏水氨基酸的次邻关联、次次邻关联

规则二级结构中亲－疏水氨基酸的紧邻关联特性对不同类蛋白质有不同的规律，但在同类蛋白质同类规则二级结构不同长度的片断中有相同的规律，并且亲疏水氨基酸的关联特征是可以定位的，那么次邻关联、次次邻关联是否也有此规律呢？本文对此进行了讨论。     

Asymptotic normality of generalized maximum spacing estimators for multivariate observations

In this paper, the maximum spacing method is considered for multivariate observations. Nearest neighbor balls are used as a multidimensional analogue to univariate spacings. A class of information-type measures is used to generalize the concept of maximum spacing estimators of model parameters. Asymptotic normality of these generalized maximum spacing estimators is proved when the assigned model class is correct, that is, the true density is a member of the model class.     

多维随机变量的熵估计及其在独立性检验中的应用

针对多维随机变量Renyi熵和Shannon熵的估计问题,分别研究基于k近邻估计、核密度估计和关联积分估计得到的各估计量的不同性质,进一步提出基于k近邻估计的条件独立性检验方法。模拟结果表明:对于多维随机变量,当维数较大时,基于k近邻方法的熵估计和条件互信息估计更为有效。     

Starting Relationships with Neighbors After a Move Later in Life: An Exploratory Study

The authors examined eight personal and contextual conditions associated with starting new relationships with neighbors after short- and long-distance moves. A total of 625 Dutch movers and 1,936 non-movers (57–93 years old) were selected from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. OLS linear regression analyses showed that short-distance movers mainly started relationships with neighbors when they did volunteer work. Long-distance movers who moved to rural areas and felt safe in their new neighborhood or moved to areas with lower priced homes also started new relationships with neighbors. Contextual conditions appear to play a larger role than personal ones, especially after long-distance moves.     

Semiparametric predictive mean matching

Predictive mean matching is an imputation method that combines parametric and nonparametric techniques. It imputes missing values by means of the Nearest Neighbor Donor with distance based on the expected values of the missing variables conditional on the observed covariates, instead of computing the distance directly on the values of the covariates. In ordinary predictive mean matching the expected values are computed through a linear regression model. In this paper a generalization of the original predictive mean matching is studied. Here the expected values used for computing the distance are estimated through an approach based on Gaussian mixture models. This approach includes as a special case the original predictive mean matching but allows one to deal also with nonlinear relationships among the variables. In order to assess its performance, an empirical evaluation based on simulations is carried out.     

Confidence intervals for nonparametric quantile regression: an emphasis on smoothing splines approach

In this paper we consider the problem of constructing confidence intervals for nonparametric quantile regression with an emphasis on smoothing splines. The mean‐based approaches for smoothing splines of Wahba (1983) and Nychka (1988) may not be efficient for constructing confidence intervals for the underlying function when the observed data are non‐Gaussian distributed, for instance if they are skewed or heavy‐tailed. This paper proposes a method of constructing confidence intervals for the unknown τth quantile function (0<τ<1) based on smoothing splines. In this paper we investigate the extent to which the proposed estimator provides the desired coverage probability. In addition, an improvement based on a local smoothing parameter that provides more uniform pointwise coverage is developed. The results from numerical studies including a simulation study and real data analysis demonstrate the promising empirical properties of the proposed approach.     

Minimal neighbor designs in circular blocks of unequal sizes

Neighbor designs have their own importance in the experiments to remove the neighbor effects where the performance of a treatment is affected by the treatments applied to its adjacent plots. If each pair of distinct treatments appears exactly once as neighbors, neighbor designs are called minimal. Most of the neighbor designs require a large number of blocks of equal sizes. In this situation minimal neighbor designs in unequal block sizes are preferred to reduce the experimental material. In this article some series are presented to construct minimal neighbor designs in circular blocks of unequal sizes.     

Some series of proper generalized neighbor designs

Neighbor balanced designs are used to remove the neighbor effects but most of these designs require a large number of blocks. To neutralize the neighbor effects in such situations, GN₂-designs are most desirable. This article deals with the (i) refinement of some series of GN₂-designs constructed by Zafaryab et al. (2010) and (ii) construction of some new series of GN₂-designs in circular blocks of equal size.     

科学、伪科学与迷信

科学是人类认识世界中形成的知识体系 ,能够指导人类改造客观世界。伪科学是打着科学的旗号的非科学。迷信是一种非理性、无根据的信仰或崇拜。科学、伪科学和迷信是三种不同的社会现象。研究科学、伪科学、迷信 ,区别科学、伪科学、迷信 ,并且分别进行研究 ,根据不同情况制定相应的对策 ,具有理论意义和现实意义。在现实中 ,只有准确把握科学、伪科学与迷信的关系 ,才能更好的把握政策界限 ,更好地弘扬科学 ,更彻底地揭露伪科学 ,更坚决地打击迷信活动。