浅析大学生心理压力的现状与对策

以自编大学生心理压力调查问卷为工具,从大学生对自身心理压力的认知、大学生心理压力产生的根源、大学生心理压力缓解的途径、大学生对心理压力产生原因的认识、大学生对心理压力的归因等方面揭示大学生心理压力的现状,并提出相应的应对策略。     

心理契约：提升公共危机管理效能的支点

进入21世纪各种公共危机频繁发生,一个个痛苦的案例促使人们积极探索公共危机管理及其有效性问题。文章将心理学的专业术语——心理契约移植到公共危机管理领域,提出了危机心理契约的理论假设,阐明了危机心理契约在公共危机管理中的作用机制及其功能表现,从实践操作的层面提出了促进民众危机心理契约满足、避免危机心理契约破裂与违背,以提升政府危机管理效能的途径与方法。     

Employee Assistance Program Staffing

No abstract available for this article.     

Sustainable Caregiving? Demands Upon and Resources of Female Carers of Adults with Intellectual Disability

Female carers of adults with an intellectual disability are increasing in our communities as those with intellectual disability live into middle and old age. Twenty-seven carers between the ages of 45 and 85 years responded to questionnaires about demands, resources, and their health. Almost all were in the clinical range on the measure of psychological functioning. Demands contributed significantly to poorer functioning; however, other measures did not. The women in this study appeared to underreport the level of difficulties they experienced. The caregiving role undertaken by these women does not appear to be sustainable under their current circumstances.     

晚清与“五四”小说变革同异论

晚清与“五四”小说变革虽有动机上的相近之处,却有性质上的不同.这导致晚清小说与“五四”小说出现了形态上的差别.晚清小说变革持续的时间、规模都超过“五四”,但却没有真正实现中国小说由古典向现代的转变,主要原因在于晚清小说变革是非自觉的文学变革.相比而言,“五四”小说变革的自觉性更强,也更注重文学自身的特征.晚清小说变革并非必然走向“五四”小说,它的变革路径与“五四”有很大不同,即基本保留古典小说模式,只是在内容上和形式上容纳一些新的思想、艺术因素.“五四”小说变革因历史背景、文化语境的特殊作用,找到了一条新的路径,这就是精神与艺术的一体化即“心理化”.通过“心理化”,“五四”小说最终实现了中国小说由古典向现代的转变.     

试析反身宾语句的生成机制

反身宾语句生成有两个方面的因素，一是“身心二分”的“心支配身”认知框架，二是主观移情。反身宾语句有较强的描写性和事件伴随性，主要出现于文艺语体中。     

Prevention of child abuse and neglect and improvements in child development

The aim of the study was to evaluate the implementation of a section in the Danish Social Assistance Act which encourages local authorities to offer families services in order to support children at risk of child maltreatment. The specific purpose of the present paper is to answer the question: Will the socio‐psychological development of children known to social services be improved when abuse and neglect are reduced? A sample of 1,138 children was drawn at random from new social services cases starting in 1998. Subsequently, about 80 per cent were evaluated by local caseworkers on the basis of a standardised questionnaire covering a period of four years. The most damaging family conditions seemed to be psychological maltreatment, physical/sexual abuse and neglect. Maltreated children were more often in a depressed state, unhappy, socially isolated, or they had an eating disorder, inadequate or under‐nutrition, suicidal tendencies, lack of concentration, or disturbed behaviour, compared to those children who were not exposed to abuse and neglect. If parental behaviour improved, effects on children's well‐being were also observed and positive changes in children's socio‐psychological development were identified. The questionnaire explored the impact of various interventions, including services geared to strengthen the child's network, but results indicated that the child displayed reduced risk of reactive symptoms only when parental behaviour improved and abuse and neglect were reduced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

神经网络模拟实验与语言认知研究的互动

在自然语言处理中，神经网络模型（ANN）比符号主义方法更加接近人脑处理语言的实际心理加工机制。神经网络模拟可检验“语言加工双重路线”、“语言初始状态”等假设有效性；语言认知心理机制研究也会对神经网络构建起促进作用。语言认知机制研究应从追求简单的脑区定位发展到脑区间互动以及脑内语言信息加工的时空网络建模。     

跨文化交际中大外教学的文化导入缺失

跨文化交际的前提是正视不同文化之间的差异性。通过对比中西方文化的差异性，再反思大学英语教学中由于重语言形式、轻文化导入，致使学习者的跨文化交际能力亟待提高的局面，并进而提出相应的解决措施。     

空间格义背后的举意与旁观——《日用家当》中“家宅”的心理几何图解

在爱丽丝·沃克的短篇小说《日用家当》中,家宅被赋予了一定的格义属性,这可以被视为19世纪女性主义文学批评语境中的心理现象学介入。家宅格义背后的心理图解划清了个体＂生存空间＂的原型与流变,洋溢着深切的心理几何假设内涵。作者借助不同人物对于家宅的写实性解读,提供了一个富有曲面内涵的边缘记忆空间,揭示了主体的物我元一思想已然深植于家宅意象当中,并以拓扑图腾的同胚形式得以彰显。家宅的心理几何图解立体地刻画了个体在生存空间日渐缩限时的困顿与挣扎,更是直指个体守护本我世界时的一种精神重估,而这正是该部文学作品所隐含的原生代性旨归所在。