Physical exercise,employee fitness and the management of health at work

Abstract

This paper presents some recent data on why organizations invest in exercise and physical fitness programmes for their stiff. These data suggest that, owing to a lack of evaluation studies, organizations act mainly on the basis of assumption and belief. However, from a subsequent review of the available literature on the personal and organizational effects of such programmes, it appears that these assumptions and beliefs are not altogether unfounded. The paper concludes by discussing the ways in which exercise and employee fitness programmes might help die individual and their organization in terms of the management of health at work.     

A personal validation of the social nature of disability: different environments,different experiences

There is neither a unified definition of disability nor a unique experience of disability across the world. The present paper aims to explore the lived experiences of disability in three different countries – Turkey, England and the USA – to evaluate the continued value of the social model of disability in those contexts. A comparison between these countries is provided through the lens of my personal experiences in each country as a disabled student and an academician. As can be seen in each example, whilst impairment does not change, the role of disabling barriers did change depending on the physical, social and psychological nature of the respective environments. We can therefore reasonably refer to the extent to which environments are disabling or non-disabling aspects of each setting. The paper provides a personal validation of the social nature of disability.     

再论毛泽东在社会主义建设史上失误原因

在社会主义建设的探索中,没有搞清什么是社会主义和怎样建设社会主义是毛泽东发生失误的根本原因;民主集中制的破坏是毛泽东发生失误的重要原因;对国际、国内政治局势判断失误是其探索发生失误的直接原因.     

现行夸张的界定值得商榷

本文对夸张的界定提出质疑 ,认为除常见的对事实的夸张外 ,还存在着对虚构的夸张 ,因此 ,现行的夸张定义不能涵盖所有的夸张现象。于是给夸张重新界定 ,同时还认为夸张的基础不是事实 ,而是求奇求异心理     

The Effects of the Facial Expression of Beneficiaries in Charity Appeals and Psychological Involvement on Donation Intentions

To increase the effectiveness of fundraising campaigns, many human‐need charities include pictures of beneficiaries in their ads. However, it is unclear when and why the facial expression of these beneficiaries (sad versus happy) may influence the effectiveness of charity ads. To answer these questions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the facial expression on donation intentions, while considering the moderating role of psychological involvement with charities. It found that psychological involvement with charities moderated the impact of the facial expression on donation intentions in that seeing a picture of a sad versus happy person increased intentions to give among participants with lower levels of psychological involvement, whereas the reverse was true for highly involved participants. The moderating effect of psychological involvement was fully explained by the perceived efficacy of one's donation. The findings not only contribute to our understanding of the effect of the facial expression of people pictured in charity appeals on donation behavior, but also suggest that nonprofits should tailor their ads to target potential donors with various levels of psychological involvement with charities.     

自我表露及其作用

有关自我表露的研究是心理学关于自我研究的一个重要领域,心理学家发现,展示个人信息的行为有重要的心理学意义.自我表露是个人成长和自我实现的必要环节,是个体印象管理和应对压力的有效方式,也是心理治疗的重要途径.     

积极心理学观照下的心理教师专业角色的重塑

积极心理学的兴起为当前学校心理教育的发展注入了新的理念和价值力量,以之观照当下我国心理教师专业角色的发展,要求在创设若干条件的基础上,促使心理教师在承担的专业角色功能、心理教育过程中师生的互动角色类型、承担的多重角色间关系、社会协同中专业角色的地位表现、专业角色的自我认同等方面实现重塑,以适应心理教育的积极心理学取向发展的需要.     

The Intervening Role of Relational Aggression between Psychological Control and Friendship Quality

This study investigated the associations among psychologically controlling parenting, relational aggression, friendship quality, and loneliness during adolescence. A model was proposed in which relational aggression plays an intervening role in the relations between both parental psychological control and friendship outcomes. In a sample comprised of middle adolescents and their parents, process analyses revealed that psychological control (indexed by parent and adolescent reports) positively predicted adolescents' self-reported relational aggression that, in turn, negatively predicted friendship quality and positively predicted loneliness. The model held for both mothers and fathers and was not moderated by adolescent gender. The discussion focuses on possible mechanisms explaining the relations among psychological control, relational aggression, and friendship outcomes.     

The contribution of the psychosocial work environment to sickness absence in human service workers: Results of a 3-year follow-up study

We investigated to what extent psychosocial work characteristics predict sickness absence in a cohort of 890 human service professionals (84% women), followed-up for 3 years. We measured 16 different psychosocial work characteristics at baseline and analysed their associations with number of sickness absence days at follow-up using multivariate Poisson regression. In addition, we computed a psychosocial work environment index, summarizing eight psychosocial scales. Participants with exposure to violence and threats, high emotional demands, high demands for hiding emotions, low influence at work, low meaning of work, low quality of management, and role conflicts had an increased number of sickness absence days at follow-up, after adjustment for numerous confounders. Adjusting for sickness absence history caused little change in most effect estimates. Scoring in the most adverse quartile of the psychosocial work environment index was associated with a 71% increase in sickness absence days. Improving the psychosocial work environment index and eliminating exposure to violence and threats would have prevented 32% of all sickness absence days in the study population. In particular we found that exposure to violence was a strong predictor of absence. This study shows that a wide range of psychosocial work characteristics contribute to sickness absence in human service workers. Improving the psychosocial work environment might help to reduce sickness absence in this population.     

体育竞赛中运动员心理障碍与心理训练研究

无论哪一种运动项目,心理因素都将毫无疑问地对身体产生影响。本文从理论的角度总结、归纳出体育竞赛中运动员心理障碍的具体表现形式,以及克服心理障碍的一些具有针对性的心理训练方法。