内地藏族大学生心理适应问题及教育对策研究

内地藏族大学生相对于一般内地大学生,在文化习俗、生活方式、人际交往和学习方面都面临更多的心理适应问题,同时内地藏族学生又具有个人自尊感低,民族自尊心强;性格豪爽刚烈,思想相对单纯;团体意识强烈,新生易敏感焦虑等显著心理特点,针对这些问题和特点,相应的教育对策应该可以提高教育效果、缩短适应过程。     

Perceived Parental Control Processes,Parent–Child Relational Qualities,and Adolescent Psychological Well-Being in Intact and Nonintact Families: Longitudinal Findings in the Chinese Culture

ABSTRACT

Over 3 consecutive years, Chinese adolescents from intact families (n?=?2,140) and nonintact families (n?=?234) responded to instruments assessing their perceived parental behavioral control (parental knowledge, expectation, monitoring, discipline, and demandingness, as well as parental control based on indigenous Chinese concepts), parental psychological control, parent–child relational qualities (satisfaction with parental control, child's readiness to communicate with the parents, and perceived mutual trust between parents and their children), and psychological well-being. Perceived parental behavioral control processes, parent–child relational qualities, and psychological well-being were poorer in nonintact families relative to intact families over time. In contrast, maternal psychological control was higher in nonintact families over time than in intact families over time. Adolescents from stable and disruptive nonintact families without remarriage generally performed poorer than did adolescents from nonintact families with remarriage on the various indicators of family processes and adolescent psychological well-being.     

Social and psychological resources among homeless youth: protection against risk for physical victimization?

ABSTRACT

This study examines child physical abuse, social and psychological resources, and street physical victimization among 150 homeless youth from the Midwest. Path analyses results show that males have higher self-efficacy than females, while older youth and those who experienced less child physical abuse reported higher self-esteem. Self-efficacy and self-esteem were positively associated with social support as was being younger and having experienced less child physical abuse. Younger respondents reported fewer difficulties obtaining basic necessities, and those who had less trouble finding these necessities experienced less street physical victimization. Females, younger youth, and those who experienced less child physical abuse reported lower rates of physical victimization. Agencies should be aware that many youth experiencing homelessness have trouble obtaining basic necessities, which increases risk for victimization. Moreover, the ability to obtain necessities appears to override the influential role of social support, further affirming the foundational importance of agencies helping youth meet their basic needs.     

It Takes a Community: Older Lesbians Meeting Social and Care Needs

Although specialized formal services are becoming more prevalent in addressing the needs of the older LGBT community, little is known about informal groups that have organized to meet the needs of this population. This article presents two case examples that depict the efforts of older lesbians to meet the social and care needs of members of their communities. The concept of psychological contracting is used to analyze these experiences, and combined with a review of the literature, practice implications for care and support for this special population are discussed.     

The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Appearance of Psychological Symptomatology in Adult Women Victims of Child Abuse

ABSTRACT

Child abuse affects people’s ways of thinking, feeling, and observing the world, resulting in dysfunctional beliefs and maladaptive schemas. Thus, consequences of child abuse may persist during adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the psychological consequences (anxiety, phobic anxiety, depression, and hopelessness) of different types of maltreatment (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and physical and emotional neglect) and to study the role of early maladaptive schemas in the onset of symptomatology in adult female victims of child abuse. The sample consisted of 75 women referred by associations for treatment of abuse and maltreatment in childhood. Sexual abuse was the type of maltreatment that was most strongly related to most dysfunctional symptomatology, followed by emotional abuse and physical abuse, whereas physical neglect was the least related. Also, early maladaptive schemas were found to correlate with child abuse and dysfunctional symptomatology. Finally, early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and dysfunctional symptomatology when the effect of other types of abuse was controlled. These results may provide important guidance for clinical intervention.     

Causal Modeling Predicting Psychological Adjustment of Korean-Born Adolescent Adoptees

Summary

Self-concept theory and ethnic identity theory imply causal relations among positive parent-child relationship, ethnic pride, and psychological adjustment of children who were intercountry adopted. This study used linear measurement and structural equation models to test the plausibility of the causal model dealing with the relations among indexes of parent's support of ethnic background, positive parent-child relationship, collective self-esteem, and psychological adjustment in a sample of 241 Korean-born adolescent adoptees. Consistent with the expectations of the self-concept theory and the ethnic identity development theory, the findings show that a more positive parent-child relationship, in which the parents support their children's ethnic identity development and share ethnic socialization experiences, predicts better psychological adjustment of the adopted children. Policy and practice implications of the findings are discussed.     

基于SEM的电力企业人本安全管理效能研究

从人本安全管理视角出发, 通过压力的桥梁效应作用于安全效能的假设, 进一步研究人本安全管理对电力企业安全管理效能提升的作用。采用结构方程模型(SEM), 对北京、云南、江苏、河北等地的8家电力企业生产一线的操作员工与基层管理者进行问卷调查采集的数据进行关联分析, 研究电力企业管理中的安全制度、培训教育、沟通机制、心理疏导等因素对安全效能的影响。实证分析表明:操作压力、安全管理压力与压力认知在人本安全管理与安全效能之间起到了桥梁作用, 其中心理疏导因子影响水平最为显著。研究结果表明, 电力企业组织坚持开展人本安全管理的相关措施有助于提升安全效能。建议从改善工作氛围、提升员工压力防控能力、优化企业制度等方面采取措施进一步提升安全效能。     

刑事社会抗拒风险化解研究

从正常的利益抗争演进到非现实性冲突性质的刑事社会抗拒,打压为其提供了原动力,打压所输入的风险能量与合法性状态、相对剥夺感的强弱、改变被剥夺境遇的可能性和边缘化人格等因素交互影响、彼此"型塑",共同铺设了社会抗拒的刑事路径。因此,刑事社会抗拒风险化解应同时在公共政策的平衡治理、利益表达的理性回应和潜在行为者边缘化人格阻断3个维度采取有效措施。     

学术道德失范的心理因素分析

学术道德失范的原因是复杂的,有其深刻的社会根源与制度根源,但从道德心理学的角度考察,所有的学术道德失范都有其主体自身的内在原因,即个体道德免疫力下降进而在学术腐败之社会病毒的侵蚀下发生学术道德失范的行为。本文试以道德心理学的视野,对学术道德失范进行心理诊断,探寻学术道德失范的心理之源。