The Political Role of Service Delivery in State‐Building: Exploring the Relevance of European History for Developing Countries

Concerns about failed and fragile states have put state‐ and nation‐building firmly on the academic and policy agenda, but the crucial role of public services in this process has remained underexplored. The 1960s and ‘70s generated a substantial set of literature that is largely missing from current writing. It identified state penetration, standardisation and accommodation as key processes in the state‐ and nation‐building sequence. This article analyses these three processes in Western Europe in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, and the role of public services therein, to explore how they may help us to understand the success and failure of state‐ and nation‐building in developing countries and fragile states.     

Communicating Food Risks in an Era of Growing Public Distrust: Three Case Studies

The communication and regulation of risk has changed significantly over the past 30 years in Europe and to a noticeable but lesser extent in the United States. In Europe, this is partly due to a series of regulatory mishaps, ranging from mad cow disease in the United Kingdom to contamination of the blood supply in France. In the United States, general public confidence in the American government has been gradually declining for more than three decades, driven by a mix of cultural and political conflicts like negative political advertising, a corrosive news media, and cuts in regulatory budgets. While the former approach is based on an objective assessment of the risk, the latter is driven more by the perception of the risk, consumer sentiment, political will, and sectoral advocacy. In this article, the author examines three U.S.‐based food case studies (acrylamide, bisphenol A, and artificial food colorings) where regulations at the local and state levels are increasingly being based on perceived risk advocacy rather than on the most effective response to the risk, be it to food safety or public health, as defined by regulatory interpretation of existing data. In the final section, the author puts forward a series of recommendations for how U.S.‐based regulators can best handle those situations where the perceived risk is markedly different from the fact‐based risk, such as strengthening the communication departments of food regulatory agencies, training officials in risk communication, and working more proactively with neutral third‐party experts.     

公诉人应对翻供案件的对策研究

翻供多发生于起诉与审判阶段以及久拖不决、反复退查的案件中。易发生翻供的案件类型主要有4种：强奸案件、采取取保候审的案件、经济犯罪案件和累犯案件。导致嫌疑人或被告人翻供的原因是多方面的。对翻供真伪的判断,一要审查原供是否属实,原供和翻供各自的理由,二要审查是先有被告人供述,还是先有证据材料。预防和应对翻供,应当做到全面搜集证据、充分听取被告人辩解、抓住要害集中反驳、积极引导辩论方向及充分发挥监督职能、消除形成翻供的外部条件。     

政府形象与新闻媒体良性互动关系研究

从公共关系角度分析了媒体力量对政府公共形象传播的影响，指出政府形象在媒体传播中存在的问题和薄弱环节，并结合目前政府发展状况，提出促进政府良好形象传播的建议。     

准公共产品价格改革:城镇居民消费力的助推器

通过分析近十年城镇居民的消费性支出及收入情况发现,准公共产品支出渐渐成为居民生活的主要负担,加剧贫富差距的扩大,制约着城镇居民消费力的提升。     

辽宁省装备制造业信息化公共服务平台设计方案

信息化公共服务平台的建设能够有效地缩短装备制造业产品的设计和生产周期，实现企业管理信息化，提高企业的创新能力。在分析辽宁省装备制造业对信息化公共服务平台需求的基础上，对该平台的功能模块进行描述，设计以多层体系结构为基础的ASP服务模式系统平台，并对平台中的ERP、CAD、MES、CIMS、安全技术等关键技术进行分析，从而为完善信息化公共服务平台提供参考。     

官僚制与现代民主政治

由于英语中"官僚制"一词的复杂含义,历史上众多的专家学者从不同的角度给予其重视和研究,出现了官僚制研究的"理论丛林"现象,并对"官僚制"这个概念赋予强烈的感情色彩和难以把握的内涵。文章拟从民主和效率两种价值取向概括和分析与官僚制问题密切相关的理论。     

欧洲跨区域性公共部门服务绩效评奖机制研究与启示

公共服务的质量与创新是当今国内外政府部门与公共管理学界热烈关注讨论的议题，不少国家地区通过设置相关奖项，来鼓励公共部门提升与创新服务质量。在整合下的欧洲大陆，由欧洲公共管理学院所主办的欧洲公共部门服务奖，是一项完全针对公共部门所设置的跨区域性奖项，以欧洲公共部门服务奖为切人点，从评价标准、活动特色等各方面来探讨，应该对于我国公共部门在服务促进的工作上，提供有益的参考与借鉴。     

A longitudinal study of depressiveness in children in public care

Rajhvajn Bulat L. A longitudinal study of depressiveness in children in public care Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 412–423 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. The aim of this article is to analyse the challenges involved when making longitudinal observations of depressiveness in children raised in public care. The first measurement comprised 375 children from children's homes and foster families; however, most of the results are based on an analysis of the 139 children who participated in both parts of the research. We used the Child Depression Inventory and the anxiety/depression subscales of Youth Self Report and Child Behaviour Checklist as measures of depressiveness. The comparison of results from the first and second measurements showed that depressiveness in children in public care decreased over time. Children who grew up in children homes were, in the first measurement, more depressed than those living in foster families, but after five years that difference had disappeared. Furthermore, decrease in depressiveness is predominantly associated with less frequent delinquent, aggressive or hyperactive behaviour, less withdrawal and better control over uncomfortable emotions.     

公共关系活动中女性领导的角色悖论解析

在＂领导-社会行为＂的互动中,为了能获得双向的沟通,达到＂共荣＂而避免＂共损＂,领导就必须树立公共关系意识。随着女性踏上领导岗位,其不可避免也要进行公共关系活动。但在公共关系视域下的女性领导者却面临着多重角色悖论,文章基于对这些悖论的分析,试图提出一些解决悖论的思路。