公共决策失误的根源探析

剖析公共决策失误,可从决策因素、决策过程和决策体制三个方面入手。决策因素包含决策主体和决策情境,前者构成决策的价值取向,后者则提供决策的事实前提;造成决策失误的主体因素,主要是主体利益与主体价值观;在决策过程中,决策问题的界定出现偏差、决策目标确立不当、决策方案脱离实际、方案选择缺乏科学性等可造成决策失误;从公共决策体制来看,集权决策体制比分权决策体制、个人决策模式特别是个人专断的决策体制比集体决策模式发生决策失误的可能性要大,在分权决策体制和集体决策模式中,因决策程序不当也可造成决策失误。     

校园媒体对大学校园文化建设的功能探析

校园媒体对大学校园文化建设的主要功能是舆论引导功能和文化上的同构建设功能。深受世界范围内媒体环境变革的影响,校园媒体对校园文化建设的功能面临新挑战。为应对这一挑战,校园媒体在舆论引导功能上要加强舆论导向与传播效果的统一、党性原则与受众意识的统一;在媒介文化建设上要深入研究“三贴近”方法,办有亲和力的校园权威媒体。本文同时还探讨了新形势下校园媒体新作用的正负效应及相应对策。     

作为公共产品的城市管理--以无锡市为个案

城市管理是城市政府的主要职能,是城市政府为城市社会提供的最主要的公共产品之一。传统理念和体制下,城市管理公共产品供给模式效率十分低下,已不能适应城市发展的形势。在现代公共管理及公共产品供给理论框架内考察城市管理,不失为一种新的视角,是探索城市政府职能转变、城市管理体制创新的有效途径,有利于改善城市政府治理能力,整体推进城市社会的全面进步。     

论公有制经济与非公有制经济的和谐发展

构建社会主义和谐社会,从宏观上看,首先是社会的经济基础和上层建筑之间的和谐。而经济基础本身则依赖于各种不同经济成分之间的和谐。公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展的社会主义基本经济制度就是强调经济基础的和谐,即公有制经济与非公有制经济的和谐发展。     

重大突发公共卫生事件中的中小企业多维度社会责任问题探索

企业承担必要的社会责任是企业自身伦理道德的内在要求。肺炎疫情这一重大突发公共卫生事件给中国及世界经济造成了极大的冲击和影响,这就更需要中小企业在这个特殊时期肩负起更大的社会责任。梳理了企业社会责任的相关文献,并从社会、员工、消费者、供应商等维度研究了中小企业在重大突发公共卫生事件时期应当承担的社会责任。     

突发重大疫情网络舆论的生成逻辑､演进特征与治理机制

新形势下突发重大疫情网络舆论不仅给疫情防控带来了严峻挑战,而且给维护国家意识形态安全带来了较大压力。厘清网络舆论的生成逻辑,把握网络舆论发展的演进特征,对做好网络舆论引导与谣言治理意义重大。在现代网络社会,随着交往实践的普遍进行,从现实逻辑、实践逻辑与理论逻辑来看,突发重大疫情网络舆论的生成,是网络议题、网络交往和网络传播相互作用的结果。受网络社会交往实践主体、客体、环体和介体等多种因素影响,突发重大疫情网络舆论又呈现为非线性的发展演进趋势,极易引发“蝴蝶效应”造成舆论秩序失范,甚至导致“塔西佗陷阱”的舆论信任危机,给疫情防控带来复杂变数。必须建立健全网络舆论治理机制,有效管控舆情,提高疫情防控治理水平。     

Employers' perspectives on benefit conditionality in the UK and Denmark

This article examines the under-explored demand-side of active labour market policies (ALMPs). Based on interview data from a comparative study of the UK and Denmark, the paper analyses employers' perspectives and experiences of ALMPs. In both countries, employers were favourably disposed towards employing unemployed jobseekers but held negative views on conditionality. First, benefit conditionality led to employers receiving large numbers of unsuitable and unfiltered job applications, with associated negative resource impacts. Second, employers perceived this as a product of ‘box ticking' and compliance targets. Finally, employers criticised policy and media rhetoric for focusing solely on the supply-side and for problematizing unemployed candidates. The paper argues that these crucial, but neglected, employer perspectives demonstrate that the current benefit conditionality regime in the UK risks irrevocably ‘tarnishing' candidates, which undermines, rather than enhances, their chances of securing employment through ALMPs. This unique dataset provides further evidence that the current direction of policy requires urgent and radical re-thinking.     

The 2015 welfare reform of the National Basic Livelihood Security System in South Korea: Effects on economic outcomes

In July 2015, South Korea’s National Basic Livelihood Security System (NBLSS) was reformed for the purposes of eliminating welfare blind spots and reducing poverty. The reform is expected to affect the recipients’ economic behaviours and choices. In this study, we used changes in benefits and eligibility for the NBLSS under the customised benefit system to identify the effects of the change in the NBLSS on a proposed set of economic outcomes – income, labour supply, consumption, savings, poverty reduction. To estimate the effects, we used data from the 10th–12th waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study and employed a difference‐in‐differences framework integrated with the propensity scores. We found that the NBLSS helps the poor to reduce financial and material hardships through income and consumption increments, but that it does not provide disincentives to the recipients from participating in the labour market or from saving.     

Will You Die for Your Country? Workplace Death in an Era of Mass Incarceration

People with criminal records in the United States continue to face limited employment opportunities due to social stigma and legal barriers. In contrast to the civilian sector, the military conducts a “whole person” evaluation to screen potential recruits and regularly hires people with felony and misdemeanor records. Moreover, evidence suggests that the military serves as a socially integrative institution and may facilitate desistance from future crimes. However, critics argue that the military exacerbates inequalities by subjecting marginalized communities to the unequal burden of service. Using the data obtained from the Army, we examine the relative risks of combat exposure and casualties between enlisted soldiers with and without criminal records who joined between 2002 and 2009. The results suggest that soldiers with felony and misdemeanor records are more likely to be assigned to combat occupations than those without criminal records. We also find that among soldiers assigned to positions with low combat exposure, ex-offenders face a higher risk of death compared to those without criminal records. Findings do not dispute the idea that the military facilitates desistance from future crimes and provides second chances to people with criminal records, but reaffirm the fact that military service costs lives and limbs.     

Social investment effects of public education,health care,and welfare service expenditures on economic growth

The purpose of this study is to theoretically and empirically examine whether public spending in education, health care, and welfare service operates as a fruitful investment in welfare states, which has been implied in the literature of social investment arguments. Based on comprehensive review of existing literature, this study suggested a tripartite mechanism of social investment effect of such spending, that is “enhancement of human capital,” “support for labor force participation,” and “job creation.” To find the empirical evidence, a pooled time‐series cross‐section analysis was conducted with the data of 15 advanced welfare states from 1980 to 2015 using estimation technique of fixed‐effect model. The results confirmed that public spending in education, health care, and welfare service had a positive medium‐term as well as long‐term effect on economic performance, while cash‐type welfare spending had an obscure or no visible effect on economy. Government consumption that is a proxy and control variable of size of the welfare state showed a positive effect on real GDP in the medium term but a negative effect in the long run. In conclusion, this study suggests that reinforcing social services should be recognized and dealt with as essence of social investment strategy.