Ambivalence in Older Parent–Adult Child Relationships: Mixed Feelings,Mixed Measures

This research compared direct and indirect measures of ambivalence, 2 commonly used strategies for measuring intergenerational ambivalence between older parents and their adult children. Directly and indirectly measured ambivalence, corresponding to felt and potential manifestations of the construct, were contrasted with each other and across generations. Data were derived from 253 older parent–adult child dyads participating in the Longitudinal Study of Generations in 2005. Direct and indirect measures of ambivalence were moderately correlated with each other within each generation. Children expressed greater indirect ambivalence than their parents but were no different than their mothers or fathers in their levels of direct ambivalence. Multivariate regression analyses examining the relationship between each type of ambivalence with individual and relationship characteristics found differences in associations across equations. The results suggest that direct and indirect measures are related but represent 2 distinct conceptions of ambivalence. This research highlights the challenges in understanding the full complexity of intergenerational relations and suggests that both generational perspectives be considered in future research.     

Development of a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Human Salmonellosis Through Household Consumption of Fresh Minced Pork Meat in Belgium

A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) according to the Codex Alimentarius Principles is conducted to evaluate the risk of human salmonellosis through household consumption of fresh minced pork meat in Belgium. The quantitative exposure assessment is carried out by building a modular risk model, called the METZOON-model, which covers the pork production from farm to fork. In the METZOON-model, the food production pathway is split up in six consecutive modules: (1) primary production, (2) transport and lairage, (3) slaughterhouse, (4) postprocessing, (5) distribution and storage, and (6) preparation and consumption. All the modules are developed to resemble as closely as possible the Belgian situation, making use of the available national data. Several statistical refinements and improved modeling techniques are proposed. The model produces highly realistic results. The baseline predicted number of annual salmonellosis cases is 20,513 ( SD 9061.45). The risk is estimated higher for the susceptible population (estimate  4.713 × 10⁻⁵; SD 1.466 × 10⁻⁵  ) compared to the normal population  (estimate 7.704 × 10⁻⁶; SD 5.414 × 10⁻⁶)  and is mainly due to undercooking and to a smaller extent to cross-contamination in the kitchen via cook's hands.     

Micro‐level dynamics of social assistance receipt: Evidence from four European countries

This study investigated the monthly dynamics of social assistance benefit receipt – in particular the incidence of long‐term benefit receipt – in four European countries: Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. The analysis is based on four separate administrative panel data sets, each covering the 96‐month period from January 2001 to December 2008. Benefit dynamics were found to vary considerably across countries. In the two Nordic countries, long‐term benefit receipt was found to be a rare exception. Most recipients, however, had multiple spells and the majority of benefit leavers returned to benefits within a few months of leaving. In Luxembourg and The Netherlands, long‐term benefit receipt was frequent, but benefit leavers were much less likely to return to benefit receipt after exit. The total duration of benefit receipt per individual across spells was two to three times as high in The Netherlands and Luxembourg as in Norway and Sweden.     

Girlz II women: Age‐grading,language change and stylistic variation

Informed by abstract models of language change or stability over time, we present a longitudinal study of two African American females, first interviewed as teenagers, and re‐recorded twenty years later. As teenagers, they used morpho‐syntactic features of AAVE voraciously. But as working adults, these women distance themselves from their teenage activities and social networks, and display a considerably reduced vernacular usage that accords with their articulated concern to get ahead. The diachronic interpretation that best characterizes their transformation is age‐grading rather than generational change, since change at the individual level is accompanied by stability at the community level. The picture is complicated by intermediate recordings showing that one of the speakers is a stylistic chameleon, capable since her teenage years of varying copula absence rates depending on addressee, topic, and projected persona. But the age‐grading interpretation of change at the individual level remains valid based on the evidence of her reduced use of habitual be2, and third singular present tense –s absence. The case highlights the importance of paying more attention to stylistic variation and including more than two time points in sociolinguistic studies of change in real and apparent time.     

类生产函数企业价值链管理模型研究

本文从价值链的一些本质特征出发,借鉴生产函数的原理与形式,提出了一种新的价值链模型——类生产函数价值链管理,证明了类生产函数的一些重要性质,论述了此模型对企业价值链的管理与优化过程。最后进行了实例分析,分析过程及结果表明,该模型能够较好地实现价值链的优化与管理。     

光度法同时测定磷和硅的研究

用钼蓝法分别测定磷和硅的含量多有报导［１］［２］［３］，但用该法对其进行同时测定未见报导．本文探讨了用钼蓝法同时测定磷和硅，确定了其测定条件．本法具有简便、快速、不需特殊试剂等特点，可用于水等试样中磷和硅的同时测定．     

中学生心理素质概念和成分的研究

运用问卷调查和因素分析等量性研究方法,结合技术性文献分析、开放性译码、主轴译码等质性理论研究方法,对中学生心理素质概念和成分进行了探讨;获得了中学生心理素质是以生理条件为基础的,将外在获得的东西内化成稳定的、基本的、衍生的,并与人的社会适应行为和创造行为密切联系的心理品质,包含认知因素、个性因素和适应性因素三个维度,具体化为２２个因素成分。     

论日本经济周期变动中的财政政策责任

财政政策作为宏观经济政策体系中的一个重要内容,在战后日本经济增长中发挥了积极作用。而财政政策的中心目标,就是在高水平的就业基础上,保持经济稳定和稳步提高生产率,以在可用资源约束下实现最大化经济增长。文章以理论研究为主,以泡沫经济博奕现象分析为出发点,深入研究日本财政政策选择的最优次序和数量财政政策向质量财政政策转移问题,指出只有实行“质量扩张”财政政策才是经济稳定发展的必由之路。     

Food safety regulation,economic impact assessment and quantitative methods

Together with a call for more efficient regulations in the EU, there is a growing demand for transparency in the evaluation techniques to assess and predict their effects. This article explores the potential impacts of food safety regulations and discusses the quantitative methods used in the policy evaluation literature. Along with the strengths and limitations of each method, this review highlights other transversal issues relevant to the assessment strategies. Among these are the imbalance between ex ante and ex post evaluation, the lack of adequate data, the difficulty of estimating the dynamic effects of regulations, and the possibility of endogenous relationships.     

英语科技语篇中的主位推进模式链定量分析

主位推进模式链是指由两种及其以上常见的主位推进模式组成的序列。为了表达复杂的思想,语篇生产者往往采用主位推进模式链来推进和发展英语科技语篇。定量分析的结果显示,根据其构成成分和内部结构特点,英语科技语篇中的主位推进模式链可以区分成两大类五小类宏观主位推进模式链,经进一步析取后可组成六种微观主位推进模式链类型,从而构成了英语科技语篇中的主位推进模式链系统网络。