论“第三国贸易”资本的质和量

本文提出 “第三国贸易”这一概念， 是指将本国资本投向外国并完全在国外产销经营的一种跨国经贸业务。中国目前的经济发展较快、较稳定， 并呈现出 “可持续发展”的良好势头。我国在大力发育、发展和繁荣国内市场经济的同时， 也应该寻找机会发展 “第三国贸易”， 为创建具有中国特色的跨国公司大厦打好基础。本文对 “第三国贸易”资本的质量特征， 从其信息特征、技术特征、管理特征和社会氛围特征等方面进行了论证； 对其资本的数量界定， 作者根据我国外贸的现状， 从 “静态标准”和 “动态标准”方面进行了可操作性的探讨； 以寻觅我国在这种高风险、高报酬的资本经营中的成功之路。本文意在抛砖引玉， 为中国早日跻身世界经济强国之林出谋划策     

浅谈大众文化的兴起对经典美学的挑战

进入 90年代 ,美学研究的转型问题成为学术界的一大热点 ,本文基于当下文化现状 ,分析这种转型的表现 ,指出其发生的原因及合理性。     

Optimal Bootstrap Sample Size in Construction of Percentile Confidence Bounds

In traditional bootstrap applications the size of a bootstrap sample equals the parent sample size, n say. Recent studies have shown that using a bootstrap sample size different from n may sometimes provide a more satisfactory solution. In this paper we apply the latter approach to correct for coverage error in construction of bootstrap confidence bounds. We show that the coverage error of a bootstrap percentile method confidence bound, which is of order O ( n ^−2/2) typically, can be reduced to O ( n ⁻¹) by use of an optimal bootstrap sample size. A simulation study is conducted to illustrate our findings, which also suggest that the new method yields intervals of shorter length and greater stability compared to competitors of similar coverage accuracy.     

On Comparison of Stopping Times in Sequential Procedures for Exponential Families of Stochastic Processes

For curved ( k + 1), k -exponential families of stochastic processes a natural and often studied sequential procedure is to stop observation when a linear combination of the coordinates of the canonical process crosses a prescribed level. For such procedures the model is, approximately or exactly, a non-curved exponential family. Subfamilies of these stopping rules defined by having the same Fisher (expected) information are considered. Within a subfamily the Bartlett correction for a point hypothesis is also constant. Methods for comparing the durations of the sampling periods for the stopping rules in such a subfamily are discussed. It turns out that some stopping times tend to be smaller than others. For exponential families of diffusions and of counting processes the probability that one such stopping time is smaller than another can be given explicity. More generally, an Edgeworth expansion of this probability is given     

On cornish-fisher expansions as a ratio of determinants without cumulants

A new method of approximating one quantile of a distribution function in terms of the corresponding quantile of another distribution function is introduced. The method utilizes the Cornish-Fisher expansion so as to eliminate the requirement for knowing the cumulants while at the same time retaining the desired simplicity as well as the property of not affecting the order of the error of the approximation.     

On the convergence rate of model selection criteria

The goal of the current paper is to compare consistent and inconsistent model selection criteria by looking at their convergence rates (to be defined in the first section). The prototypes of the two types of criteria are the AIC and BIC criterion respectively. For linear regression models with normally distributed errors, we show that the convergence rates for AIC and BIC are 0(n^-1) and 0((n log n)^-1/2) respectively. When the error distributions are unknown, the two criteria become indistinguishable, all having convergence rate O(n^-1/2). We also argue that the BIC criterion has nearly optimal convergence rate. The results partially justified some of the controversial simulation results in which inconsistent criteria seem to outperform consistent ones.     

考虑质量相关性需求与完全预防性维修的EPQ决策

在经典EPQ模型基础上，考虑质量相关性需求和周期性完全预防性维修策略，以单位时间利润最大化为目标，构建经济生产批量的决策模型。在企业单位时间利润模型的构建中，结合质量相关性需求以及设备退化这一实际问题，进行动态预防性维修成本、恢复成本、次品修复成本以及产品需求率的构建。考虑目标函数的复杂性，本文采用遗传算法对模型进行数值求解，并通过与不考虑质量相关性需求的EPQ决策的比较分析，验证其合理性。     

农业集约化对产权制度和价格体系的依赖性

关于农业集约化的研究始自马克思,由来已久,观点各异。在比较中外学术界关于集约化概念的5种界定之后,依据语义辨析,揭示出英文中的Intensive在汉语中的农学释义为集约的,作为一般形容词为密集的,但中文中的密集与集约却是两种不同的意义。据此,对农业集约化概念予以分类,在分析诸多观点差异的基础上,给出一个新的依赖于产权制度和价格体系的集约化界定,探索资源稀缺性导致的产权制度安排和市场价格体系决定着经济增长由粗放向集约转轨的历史必然性。     

"V+一下2"格式的语法意义

"V+一下2"格式有两方面的语法意义一是强化动词的动作性,客观上突显动作自主的短时量持续;二是弱化动词的动作性,从主观上减弱动作的量.控制动作的量是"V+一下2"格式最根本的语法意义.     

试论西昌方言的"X打X(/Y)+(L)"格式

本文描写西昌方言中"X打X(Y)+(L)"格式,指出该格式是数量结构,分析X、Y的数词构成,并根据"主观性"和"主观化"理论,认为"打"是一个表示主观情态"量多"的"量度助词".