Correctings tests for trend in proportions for skewness

We develop the score test for the hypothesis that a parameter of a Markov sequence is constant over time, against the alternatives that it varies over time, i.e., θ_t = θ + U_t; t = 1,2,…, where {U_t; t = 1,2,...} is a sequence of independently and identically distributed random variables with mean zero and variance σ^z _u and θ is a fixed constant. The asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic is proved to be normal. We illustrate our procedure by examples and a real life data analysis.     

Harmonic mean approach to uunbalanced random effects models under heteroscedasticity

In this paper we consider unbalanced random effects models under heteroscedastic variances. By using' the harmonic mean approach, it is shown that the problems are analogous to those from balanced random effects models under horaoscedastic variances. Thus, by using the harmonic mean approach, statistical inferences about variance components are derived by using procedures from balanced models under homoscedastic variances. Laguerre polynomial expansion is used to approximate the sampling distributions of relevant statistics.     

Bias reduction of the maximum-likelihood estimator for a conditional Gaussian MA(1) model

In this paper, we consider an estimation for the unknown parameters of a conditional Gaussian MA(1) model. In the majority of cases, a maximum-likelihood estimator is chosen because the estimator is consistent. However, for small sample sizes the error is large, because the estimator has a bias of O(n^{? 1}). Therefore, we provide a bias of O(n^{? 1}) for the maximum-likelihood estimator for the conditional Gaussian MA(1) model. Moreover, we propose new estimators for the unknown parameters of the conditional Gaussian MA(1) model based on the bias of O(n^{? 1}). We investigate the properties of the bias, as well as the asymptotical variance of the maximum-likelihood estimators for the unknown parameters, by performing some simulations. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of the new estimators through this simulation study.     

基于休闲经济发展的城市休闲空间体系及其拓展

城市人口的迅速膨胀和信息社会的多元交流共同造就了大众休闲文化,而城市休闲空间则为这一文化的交流与扩散提供有效载体,并在促进经济增长与社会发展等方面均具有重要意义。整个社会的休闲消费特质必然对城市休闲空间的发展产生深远影响,而休闲经济的快速发展也使城市休闲空间拥有了更多的内容和形式。通过城市休闲空间的实践考察,可以发现:从社区公共休闲空间—市区休闲组团空间—环城延展休闲空间—城郊多维休闲空间,发展到虚拟动态休闲空间,现代城市已经形成一个多层次的开放式城市休闲空间体系。随着休闲经济的发展,未来城市休闲空间将向着综合性与集中化、体验性与人性化、健康性与生态化、文化性与特色化的方向拓展。     

类似必要共同诉讼的产生与适用——兼论连带债务的共同诉讼形态

基于对合一确定的不同把握,大陆法系诉讼理论对类似必要共同诉讼适用范围的界定也有所不同,但总体呈现出由扩张到限制的发展方向,其类似必要共同诉讼的发展历程和制度构成值得借鉴。我国对类似必要共同诉讼的引入与连带债务诉讼密切相关,导致这一制度呈现扩张适用的现象,有违实体法和诉讼法原理。宜将连带债务的诉讼形态确定为普通共同诉讼,将类似必要共同诉讼的适用范围限定于既判力扩张的基础上,并以此为基础构建其理论体系和程序规则。     

限贷和限购政策对一般均衡中房价的影响

住房价格的调控是当前中国社会经济中的热点问题,但目前国内外尚少见文献对其进行全面探讨． 该文试图涉及这个领域,按照住房限购条件是否有效建立了两个关于住宅市场的一般均衡模型． 研究发现,当“限购令”未生效时,在其他条件相同的情况下,只要复合商品部门为规模经济递减或不变时,严厉的房贷调控政策倾向于降低市场的均衡房价(分情况不同,还需要满足一些其他条件) ． 而当“限购令”发挥效力时,首付比例和限购数量都将影响市场中的均衡房价,且其关系将会是非常复杂的． 仅当首付比例不太大且复合商品的生产复合规模效应递增的前提下,当首付比例落入特定区间时,房地产调控政策就能有效地降低均衡房价．     

对大学生医疗保障与卫生服务利用情况的调查与思考

文章在调查研究江苏省高校学生医疗保障现状及卫生服务需要与利用情况的基础上,建议将大学生像城镇职工一样纳入社会医疗保险体系,强化政府责任,建立国家、学校和个人三方负担机制,提高大学生的医疗保障水平。     

论开放系统条件下价值创造范围的拓展

马克思的劳动价值理论是一个开放系统 ,它随着历史条件的变化而不断拓展。科技进步条件下具体劳动形式的变化 ,虽然没有改变创造价值的劳动的本质性内容 ,但却引起商品生产概念的内涵和外延不断扩大 ,从而拓宽了创造价值的生产劳动的范围 ,使它由狭义的物质生产领域跨越到了广义的非物质生产领域 ,实现了劳动价值理论史上的一个非常重要的转折。     

高教扩招背景下的“高考”意义探析

高校扩招所导致的高考形势的变化,使高考外部的社会分层意义逐渐蜕化,内部的激励考生健全人格修养的教育意义逐渐加强,这有利于逐步消除以往那些与教育无关的社会性要求,使高考回归检验考生知识和人格素质、激励考生自觉修养健全人格的本质。     

Approximate and estimated saddlepoint approximations

Classical saddlepoint methods, which assume that the cumulant generating function is known, result in an approximation to the distribution that achieves an error of order O(n^?1). The authors give a general theorem to address the accuracy of saddlepoint approximations in which the cumulant generating function has been estimated or approximated. In practice, the resulting saddlepoint approximations are typically of the order O(n^?1/2). The authors give simulation results for small sample examples to compare estimated saddlepoint approximations.