Social capital and the added value of social relations

Almost all empirical research reveals that social capital is a factor that enhances public goods, but scholars are divided into two strands of thought. According to the first strand, the enhancement of public goods does not need any network of social relations, while, according to the second, enhancement depends on the existence and good functioning of relational networks, to the point that it consists in the creation of social networks. Which one is right? In order to clarify the issue, one should ask: can a social relation have any added social value? If so, how can we conceive of the added social value of social relations, and how can we measure it? The author claims that the added social value of social relations can be observed in those processes through which social capital and public (relational) goods (re)generate or elide each other. These processes can be analyzed as morphogenetic cycles that work in temporal sequences and are not circular or recursive. By adopting this perspective, we can see and measure the added social value of social relations in primary and secondary networks, leading to the emergence of public goods. The relational approach can give abundant evidence as to how and why different public goods are produced and/or enhanced depending on the different added social value of the social relations that constitute them.     

Negative reciprocity and its relation to anger-like emotions in identity-homogeneous and -heterogeneous groups

Several studies have shown that social identity fosters the provision of public goods and enhances the willingness to reciprocate the cooperative behavior of group members. Nonetheless, the question of how social identity affects negative reciprocity in identity-homogeneous and -heterogeneous groups has only received little attention. Consequently, we seek to fill this gap by examining whether social identity affects individuals’ willingness to sanction deviating group members in a public good context. Moreover, we devote particular attention to the role of anger-like emotions in negative reciprocity. To test our hypotheses, we employ one-shot public good games in a strategy method with punishment opportunity and induced social identity. Our results indicate that members of identity-homogeneous groups are prone to reveal less negative reciprocity than identity-heterogeneous groups when they face contributions smaller than their own. We also find that anger-like emotions much more strongly influence punishment behavior when individuals are matched with members of different identities than in identity-homogenous groups. These findings contribute to an increased understanding of the nature of social identity and its impact on reciprocity, improving economists’ ability to predict behavior while taking emotions into consideration.     

湛江新农村建设的现状及相关对策

新农村建设是一个长期的过程．政府应发挥其主导作用,构建合理的农村公共服务体系。同时大力发挥农民的主体地位．提高他们参与新农村建设的积极性;加强农村基础设施建设,逐步实现“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的湛江社会主义新农村建设目标。     

沪深300指数期货与现货市场的动态关联性研究——基于2010年4月16日以来的高频数据

自从沪深300指数期货自2010年4月16日正式上市以来,其与现货市场的动态联系引起了监管层和投资者的广泛关注。论文使用双变量VECM-BEKK-GARCH模型,基于5分钟日内数据研究了沪深300期货价格与现货价格之间的引导关系,以及两市场间的波动溢出情况,发现无论长期还是短期价格发现能力,沪深300期货价格上都要领先现货价格,而且沪深300指数期货与沪深300现货市场之间存在双向的波动溢出效应。并从市场微观结构的角度,揭示了期货、现货市场信息效率差异的原因。     

准公共物品分类探讨

在现实生活中,存在着大量既非公共物品又非私人物品的准公共物品。根据公共物品与私人物品划分的两个特征,即消费的竞争性和受益的排他性,把准公共物品划分为七类,并提出这样划分的政策意义。     

营销渠道中"公共物品私人自愿供给"的博弈分析

"公共物品私人自愿供给"理论表明:公共物品的私人自愿供给会导致供给不足,而营销渠道中,"公共物品"对保持竞争优势发挥着重要作用。因此,运用博弈论,分析了营销渠道中"公共物品私人自愿供给"问题的特点,构建了博弈模型,求解了博弈均衡结果,探讨了均衡结果的现实意义,提出应从进行合理的制度安排、创建良好的渠道沟通氛围、确立共同的目标和价值观等途径来解决营销渠道中的"公共物品私人自愿供给"问题。     

农村公共产品供给绩效的模糊综合评价决策模型

目前我国农村公共产品供给是低绩效的,对其评价还不够完善、不透明。利用模糊数学的综合评价方法,对其建立评价模型。按照马斯洛需求层次理论对农村公共产品进行了划分,包括满足基本生活的公共产品类、满足发展的公共产品类和娱乐性公共产品类。由此建立了包涵一个目标层、四个一级指标、十二个二级指标和三十五个三级指标的评价指标体系。随即应用模糊综合评价的数学模型来评价农村公共产品的供给绩效,并提出了在计算机上实现该模型的建议。     

城中村的公共物品供给问题及对策分析--以广州长湴村为例

由于体制机制等因素影响,我国城中村普遍存在着纯公共物品少且不均、准公共物品利益外溢、混合型物品市场机制不灵,以及资金投入不足等主要问题。为此,应细分城中村准公共物品和混合型公共物品的类型和供给方式,既需要政府、村改制公司、市场和个人多元联合供给,也需要有效平衡公共物品和公共服务的供需关系,并将城中村外来流动人口纳入需求范畴;建立健全“公导民办”的公共物品供给机制,将城中村改造与基层公民社会建设同步推进有机结合起来,才能优化城中村公共物品供给和推进城中村基本民生公共服务均等化。     

中国作为东亚市场提供者的现状与前景

全球金融危机暴露出美元体制下东亚地区面临的诸多困境。其中,东亚经济增长对外部市场的依赖是其面临的重要挑战。未来东亚经济能否持续、稳定增长,在很大程度上取决于该地区内部能否出现替代美国的最终产品市场提供者。从贸易视角考察中国作为东亚市场提供者的现状、潜力及未来前景,通过对东亚新三角贸易模式与中国作为区域贸易集聚地作用的分析,可以看出中国正在扮演起东亚地区市场提供者的角色;实证研究的结果也表明,中国作为东亚地区市场提供者的地位会随着中国经济增长和人民币升值趋势而进一步增强。但是,现阶段中国在东亚最终产品出口市场中所占的份额与美国的差距明显,尚不具备替代美国成为东亚地区最大的最终产品市场提供者的能力。中国需要在保持经济持续快速稳定增长的前提下,对经济结构和经济增长模式进行调整,积极扩大内需,这必将是一个长期且艰巨的过程。     

我国污水处理运行机制改革研究

21世纪以来,我国水资源短缺与污染问题日益严重,水资源产品排他性和竞争性逐渐增强,污水治理压力越来越大。但我国的污水处理运行机制,内部排放方普遍缺少减排节水压力,网管铺设不合理、污水处理综合效率有待提高,水资源循环利用率低;外部缺少健全有效的监督反馈机制,对污水处理相关主体既缺乏激励又缺少约束。因此,重视源头控制和环节协调,对水价、排污权、中水交易、监督收益权等产权进行确权与改革,完善市场竞争机制,建立以第三方为主、多方参与的监督机制和有效的反馈机制,通过内部与外部、市场与政府相结合的双效机制,处理好成本与效益、激励与约束、效率与公平之间的关系,才能从根本上改变我国污水治理的困局。