论语块结构的习得机制及其认知理据

以乔姆斯基为代表的转换生成语言学理论由于缺乏实证的支持,近年来受到了以经验现实主义哲学为基础的认知语言学派的强有力的质疑和挑战.语言类型学和语言发展心理学的研究和实验表明转换生成语言学关于句法的深层结构和表层结构及其转换规则理论完全可以从语言的象似性和规约性的角度重新加以定义.语言的深层结构呈现出极大的象似性,语言的表层结构体现为规约性.语块化是语言从深层到表层不断运动的必然趋势.人类语言习得的过程是一个语块能力逐步强化的过程.     

Optimal two-level conjoint designs with constant attributes in the profile sets

We propose a simple strategy to construct D-, A-, G- and V-optimal two-level designs for rating-based conjoint studies with large numbers of attributes. In order to simplify the rating task, the designs hold one or more attributes at a constant level in each profile set. Our approach combines orthogonal designs and binary incomplete block designs with equal replication. The designs are variance-balanced meaning that they yield an equal amount of information on each of the part-worths.     

历史文化街区旅游产品深度开发研究——以湘潭市城正街为例

在历史文化街区开发旅游产品,不仅找到了历史文化街区开发与保护的最佳契合点,而且能综合实现历史文化街区的文化价值、经济价值、社会价值。湘潭城正街历史悠久、文化深厚、保存完整,对其旅游产品的开发要以体现“文脉”、原真性及体验性为原则,实施景观整治、进行功能分区、突出商业文化气息、构建解说系统和社区居民参与的体验型历史文化旅游产品的开发策略。     

基于低碳模式的棋盘式城市格局之设计——中国古代都城和加拿大温哥华街区的启示

城市的布局和组织形式对于能源消耗和二氧化碳排放起着重要的作用,以现代主义功能分区为主导的枢纽辐射式城市格局却面临高消耗、低效益的危机.中国古代都城与加拿大温哥华市都为棋盘式城市格局,前者代表受交通方式局限被动形成的城市格局,后者代表现代高密度城市环境下,创造出低碳而又宜居的城市成功案例.分析两种不同时空下城市格局特征,归纳棋盘式格局设计理念,制定一整套基于建筑、街道和公共空间案例的低碳城市街区模式和实践方法论,有助于降低城市碳排放.     

New 3-level response surface designs constructed from incomplete block designs

Box and Behnken [1958. Some new three level second-order designs for surface fitting. Statistical Technical Research Group Technical Report No. 26. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ; 1960. Some new three level designs for the study of quantitative variables. Technometrics 2, 455–475.] introduced a class of 3-level second-order designs for fitting the second-order response surface model. These 17 Box–Behnken designs (BB designs) are available for 3–12 and 16 factors. Although BB designs were developed nearly 50 years ago, they and the central-composite designs of Box and Wilson [1951. On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J. Royal Statist. Soc., Ser. B 13, 1–45.] are still the most often recommended response surface designs. Of the 17 aforementioned BB designs, 10 were constructed from balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) and seven were constructed from partially BIBDs (PBIBDs). In this paper we show that these seven BB designs constructed from PBIBDs can be improved in terms of rotatability as well as average prediction variance, D$D$- and G$G$-efficiency. In addition, we also report new orthogonally blocked solutions for 5, 8, 9, 11 and 13 factors. Note that an 11-factor BB design is available but cannot be orthogonally blocked. All new designs can be found at http://www.math.montana.edu/∼$\sim$jobo/bbd/.     

Zero-Lifting for Integer Block Structured Problems

This paper deals with the relations between the polyhedron described by the inequalities of a block structured problem and the polyhedra described by the inequalities of the single blocks. In particular, classes of block structured problems are described for which zero-lifting of facet inducing inequalities of a single block yields facet inducing inequalities for the whole problem. Some applications are discussed.     

A Heuristic Algorithm for Multiple Sequence Alignment Based on Blocks

Blocked multiple sequence alignment refers to the construction of multiple alignment by first aligning conserved regions into what we call blocks and then aligning the regions between successive blocks to form a final alignment. Instead of starting from low order pairwise alignments we propose a new way to form blocks by searching for closely related regions in all input sequences, allowing internal spaces in blocks as well as some degree of mismatch. We address the problem of semi-conserved patterns (patterns that do not appear in all input sequences) by introducing into the process two similarity thresholds that are adjusted dynamically according to the input. A method to control the number of blocks is also presented to deal with the situation when input sequences have so many similar regions that it becomes impractical to form blocks by trying every combination. BMA is an implementation of this approach, and our experimental results indicatethat this approach is efficient, particularly on large numbers of long sequences with well-conserved regions.     

Symmetric designs of types V and VI

In Butler (1984a) a semi-translation block was defined and a classification given of all symmetric 2-(υ,k,λ) designs with λ>1, which contain more than one such block. In this paper we consider symmetric designs of type V and VI. We show that symmetric designs of type V are also of type VI, and in addition we show that all such designs can be obtained from a P_n,q by a construction which we give. Finally examples of proper symmetric designs of type V which are not of type VI are given.     

The Construction of Optimal Imcomplete Block Designs When Observations Within a Block are Correlated

An algorithmic method is described for the construction of optimal incomplete block designs when a known correlation structure is assumed for observations from plots in the same block. The method is applicable to a wide class of designs and correlation structures. Some examples are given to illustrate the procedure.     

辨识被测凸轮轴安装偏心量的对径谐波法

凸轮轴在检测仪上的安装偏心,影响凸轮轴上凸轮廓形尺寸的测量精度。本文提出一种辨识被测凸轮轴安装偏心量的对径谐波法,证明了用对径谐波法所辨识的偏心量符合最小二乘准则。此法在实际测量中获得了满意的效果