Consistent deconvolution in density estimation

Suppose we have n observations from X = Y + Z, where Z is a noise component with known distribution, and Y has an unknown density f. When the characteristic function of Z is nonzero almost everywhere, we show that it is possible to construct a density estimate f_n such that for all f, Iim_n| |=0.     

土家族习惯法在保护森林资源中的作用——基于湖北省建始县白云村和天鹅池村的调查

有别于道德和国家制定法,习惯法属于"礼治秩序"的一部分;森林习惯法是其中一个专题,是围绕着森林培育,开发,分配,利用而产生的一系列神话传说,村规民约,物事禁忌等的总和;笔者通过调研发现土家族地区长期保持着高覆盖率的森林面积,这离不开土家族同胞的辛勤劳动,而他们长期奉行的森林习惯法也在其中发挥了重要作用;本文在田野调查的基础上,论述了土家族习惯法在保护森林资源中的积极作用。     

中国集体林权制度变迁及其内在经济动因分析

随着我国宏观经济改革的不断深化,推进集体林权配套改革成为社会对集体林权改革的共识。因此,加强对集体林权制度改革变迁的研究,对于明确集体林权配套改革方向、深化社会宏观经济改革具有重要意义。根据不同历史时期集体林权制度对于产权主体的不同界定,将集体林权制度变迁的历程划分为4个阶段,并运用经济学的生产与消费、博弈论、制度经济学等理论对4个阶段的经济动因做了系统分析。结果表明：历次集体林权制度变迁的方向是与国家当时经济社会环境紧密相关的,历次集体林权制度变迁实质均是国家基于宏观经济最优化目标下的制度安排,与在此安排下农民作出的微观理性选择的结合,集体林权制度改革的成功实施均是宏观制度安排与微观理性选择相一致的结果。     

Complete consistency for the estimator of nonparametric regression models based on extended negatively dependent errors

In this paper, we provide some exponential inequalities for extended negatively dependent (END) random variables. By using these exponential inequalities and the truncated method, we investigate the complete consistency for the estimator of nonparametric regression model based on END errors. As an application, the complete consistency for the nearest neighbour estimator is obtained.     

A multilevel model with autoregressive components for the analysis of tribal art prices

In this paper, we introduce a multilevel model specification with time-series components for the analysis of prices of artworks sold at auctions. Since auction data do not constitute a panel or a time series but are composed of repeated cross-sections, they require a specification with items at the first level nested in time-points. Our approach combines the flexibility of mixed effect models together with the predicting performance of time series as it allows to model the time dynamics directly. Model estimation is obtained by means of maximum likelihood through the expectation–maximization algorithm. The model is motivated by the analysis of the first database ethnic artworks sold in the most important auctions worldwide. The results show that the proposed specification improves considerably over classical proposals both in terms of fit and prediction.     

基于Rough集的属性约简的算法分析

研究了粗集理论中基于差别矩阵,关联矩阵的属性约简算法,分析了各种算法和原理,指出了优缺点,对以后的研究方向提出了建议.     

Empirical Uncertain Bayes Methods in Area‐level Models

Random effects model can account for the lack of fitting a regression model and increase precision of estimating area‐level means. However, in case that the synthetic mean provides accurate estimates, the prior distribution may inflate an estimation error. Thus, it is desirable to consider the uncertain prior distribution, which is expressed as the mixture of a one‐point distribution and a proper prior distribution. In this paper, we develop an empirical Bayes approach for estimating area‐level means, using the uncertain prior distribution in the context of a natural exponential family, which we call the empirical uncertain Bayes (EUB) method. The regression model considered in this paper includes the Poisson‐gamma and the binomial‐beta, and the normal‐normal (Fay–Herriot) model, which are typically used in small area estimation. We obtain the estimators of hyperparameters based on the marginal likelihood by using a well‐known expectation‐maximization algorithm and propose the EUB estimators of area means. For risk evaluation of the EUB estimator, we derive a second‐order unbiased estimator of a conditional mean squared error by using some techniques of numerical calculation. Through simulation studies and real data applications, we evaluate a performance of the EUB estimator and compare it with the usual empirical Bayes estimator.     

农村政策性小额林权证抵押贷款研究综述

小额林权证抵押贷款模式研究对有效解决林农资金缺口、提高林农收入、调整林业产业结构和规模化经营、制订科学的林业公共政策具有重要的现实意义。基于文献分析和实地调研数据,对林权抵押贷款研究文献进行分类统计,对小额林权证抵押贷款的相关概念、经济学和产权理论进行总结。结合我国小额林权证抵押贷款模式的实践经验,借鉴国外制度型农村小额贷款的运转经验,以及各利益相关者在实践中遇到的问题,提出建立和完善政策性农村小额林权证抵押贷款模式,是一段时期内林业小额融资的重要发展模式。     

森林可持续经营的政策支持体系——亚太区域示范林项目中国临安示范林实践

运用参与性诊断(即PRRA)方法对临安示范林地区的森林经营主要政策进行了诊断分析,找出了现行政策存在的问题,如:政策环境欠佳,产权政策不到位,税费政策不合理,林业产品生产、加工和销售脱节,森林生态效益补偿政策欠规范、不合理等.同时,运用参与性设计的方法对若干主要政策进行专项设计,并在此基础上,从优化森林可持续经营的政策环境和规范政策系统运行两方面入手,提出一套科学、合理和有效的适合当地水平的森林可持续经营综合设计方案,以促进示范林网络的发展.     

森林生物多样性支付意愿影响因素及价值评估——以甘肃省迭部县为例

以甘肃省迭部县为例,综合运用Logistic回归和CVM两种方法,通过问卷调查的形式,分析宗教信仰、职业、年均家庭收入、对森林生物多样性了解程度等因素对森林生物多样性支付意愿的影响,并运用CVM方法估算迭部县森林生物多样性的年价值。结果表明：居民对森林生物多样性的保护存在一定的支付意愿;学生和个体工商业者以及无宗教信仰、年均收入较高、对森林生物多样性了解程度较高的居民总体上支付意愿更强;迭部县森林生物多样性的年评估价值在397296元／a～1732652元／a,平均支付意愿值为7．20元／a-31．40元／a。