传染病菌种、毒种扩散罪的若干问题研究

1.本罪的犯罪客体是国家对传染病菌种、毒种的管理制度;2."违反国务院卫生行政部门的有关规定"是指违反法律、法规以及部门规章等有关规范性法律文件中的关于传染病菌种、毒种实验、保藏、携带、运输的规定;3."造成传染病菌种、毒种扩散"是指"导致传染病菌种、毒种散布、传播";4.认定"后果严重",既要考虑传染病菌种、毒种本身性质是否严重又要考虑传染病菌种、毒种扩散造成的实际后果是否严重;5.本罪的主体不仅应包括从事实验、保藏、携带、运输传染病菌种、毒种的专职人员,还应包括受合法单位委托临时从事传染病菌种、毒种的人员.     

A Decision Support Tool to Compare Waterborne and Foodborne Infection and/or Illness Risks Associated with Climate Change

Climate change may impact waterborne and foodborne infectious disease, but to what extent is uncertain. Estimating climate‐change‐associated relative infection risks from exposure to viruses, bacteria, or parasites in water or food is critical for guiding adaptation measures. We present a computational tool for strategic decision making that describes the behavior of pathogens using location‐specific input data under current and projected climate conditions. Pathogen‐pathway combinations are available for exposure to norovirus, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and noncholera Vibrio species via drinking water, bathing water, oysters, or chicken fillets. Infection risk outcomes generated by the tool under current climate conditions correspond with those published in the literature. The tool demonstrates that increasing temperatures lead to increasing risks for infection with Campylobacter from consuming raw/undercooked chicken fillet and for Vibrio from water exposure. Increasing frequencies of drought generally lead to an elevated infection risk of exposure to persistent pathogens such as norovirus and Cryptosporidium, but decreasing risk of exposure to rapidly inactivating pathogens, like Campylobacter. The opposite is the case with increasing annual precipitation; an upsurge of heavy rainfall events leads to more peaks in infection risks in all cases. The interdisciplinary tool presented here can be used to guide climate change adaptation strategies focused on infectious diseases.     

High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among Students of a Minority-Serving University in a Community With a High HIV/AIDS Prevalence

Objective: The authors used a stratified cluster sampling design to inform campus sexually transmitted diseases prevention programs. Participants and Methods: They conducted a cross-sectional study of students (N = 1,130) at a large, urban, minority-serving university in South Florida using the 2004 National College Health Assessment Survey instrument. Results: Of the 1,130 participants, 14.0% reported risky sexual behavior (having more than 1 sexual partner in 1 year and not using a condom the last time they had vaginal intercourse), and 11.9% reported consistent risky sexual behavior (having more than 1 partner in 1 year and not using condoms most or all of the time during the past 30 days). In multivariable analysis, past-month alcohol use had the strongest independent association with both risky and consistent risky sexual behavior. Illicit drug use was marginally significant in both models. Conclusions: Administrators should address the use of alcohol and other drugs on campus in planning interventions to promote safe sexual behavior.     

稀土对低合金铸铁组织及耐碱蚀性能的影响

设计了含稀土、镍、铬、铜代合金铸铁，用光学显微镜观察组织，用失重法测定铸铁在碱液中的腐蚀速率。结果表明：加入稀土可细化铸铁组织，改变石墨形貌，提高耐碱腐蚀性能。     

用DSC法研究溴化重稀土丙氨酸配合物的热分解动力学

用差示扫描量热(DSC)法研究了两种溴化重稀土丙氨酸配合物的非等温热分解过程,用Ozawa法和Kissinger法计算了配合物的热分解动力学参数(E和A),用Achar微分法和Coats-Redfern积分法相结合推断出升温速率为10℃/min时,配合物热分解反应第1步和第2步的机理函数均为F2,其热分解动力学方程为dα/dt=A/β.e-E/RT(1-α)2.     

曾国藩身世溯源

曾国藩是“中兴”晚清的文臣武侯,他政治生涯的顶峰,是组建湘军,镇压太平天国运动。寻根溯源:“国藩居湘乡之土,为湘乡之民”,他一生业绩,奠基于青少年时代,植根于湘乡社会土壤,起步于湘乡曾族门庭,缘由于孔孟儒家之道。     

中国疾病史研究刍议

瘟疫曾多次冲击中国的政治、社会、经济、文化和生态,也深刻影响宗教与医学的发展。因此,本文提出一些可能的研究途径、研究课题、研究材料和研究方法,希望借以引起学界对于中国疾病史研究的兴趣。     

实行土地市场配置：深化农村改革的基点

土地成为商品,是市场经济的内在要求。土地商品的流通应是使用权而非所有权。要向改革之初打破平均主义一样,改变现行平均分配土地的做法,促进生产力的发展。应该采取正确途径,合理分配土地,实现资源优化配置。     

Role Strain Among Female Employees Caring for Frail Parents

This study of 114 employed female caregivers of frail parenls investigated predictors of role strain. Findings revealed that respondents with thi heaviest caregiving responsibaities, the most demanding jobs, the least supportive work environments, and the most work interferences were the most conflicted about their ability to perform well in both their work and parent care roles. The parent's impairment level had the greatest affect on work and family role conflict. Fudermore, these parent care duties spilled over into the work life. The female respondents' most frequently requested workplace changes were for counseling for themselves and long term care insurance for their parents. Implications of study findings are discussed.     

宋代文献所见书法遗迹版本问题研究之二

书法史上,书法遗迹版本问题的大量出现是在宋代,宋以前不明显.对具体书法遗迹版本问题中的善本、重本及版本与书法学术三个方面进行考察,进一步对宋代书法史有了新的认知,希望对于研究明清书论中的书法遗迹版本问题将有所裨益.