稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3＋催化合成丙酸环己酯

研究了以稀土固体超强酸为催化剂,丙酸和环己醇为原料合成丙酸环己酯,并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明：环己醇与丙酸物质的量之比为3：1,催化剂用量为1．4g（丙酸用量0．1mol）,带水剂为甲苯,用量为2mL,反应时间3．0h时,反应效果最佳,其酯化率可达90．9％。     

Geographic distribution of cardiovascular comorbidities in South Africa: a national cross-sectional analysis

Objectives: We sought to estimate the spatial coexistence of hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and hypercholesterolaemia in South Africa. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa. Participants: Data were from 13,827 adults (mean±SD age 39±18 years, 58.4% women) interviewed in the 1998 South African Health and Demographic Survey. Interventions: N/A. Primary and secondary outcome measures: We used multivariate spatial disease models to estimate district-level shared and disease-specific spatial risk components, controlling for known individual risk factors. Results: In univariate analysis, observed prevalence of hypertension and CHD is was high in the south-western parts, and low in the north east. Stroke and high blood cholesterol prevalence appeared to be evenly distributed across the country. In multivariate analysis (adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education, urban-dwelling, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity), hypertension and stroke prevalence were highly concentrated in the south-western parts, whilst CHD and hypercholesterolaemia were highly prevalent in central and top north-eastern corridor, respectively. The shared component, which we took to represent nutrition and other lifestyle factors not accounted for in the model, had a larger effect on cardiovascular disease prevalence in the south-western areas of the country. It appeared to have greater effect on hypertension and CHD. Conclusion: This study suggests a clear geographic distribution of cardiovascular disease in South Africa, driven possibly by shared lifestyle behaviours. These findings might be useful for public health resource allocation in low-income settings.     

Estimation of damage to human health due to forest burning in the Amazon

Forest burning stands as a highly used practice in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. Burning trees is the cheapest way to expand agricultural frontiers in the Amazon region. Nevertheless, the smoke generated in this process can produce undesirable negative effects, in particular health-induced problems by the polluted air. This study aims to investigate whether these effects on the health of the region’s population are statistically significant, using as variables mortality and morbidity rates associated with respiratory diseases. The estimated morbidity model was used to estimate the health damage to those people who became ill only by the fire.

元曲研究失落的两部珍贵域外文献——对《朴通事谚解》与《老乞大谚解》的几点认识

关于《朴通事谚解》与《老乞大谚解》的编著年代 ,据朝鲜李朝《世宗实录》与《成宗实录》记述 ,“此乃元朝时语也” ,由当时的朝鲜译官编定。二书中有不少可资元曲研究借鉴的珍贵材料。在曲学语言学方面 ,以前的元曲释词著作都未见引据二书。如对“丽春院”等词语的解释均有极高的参证价值。此外 ,对儿化音的描述也可补《中原音韵》之缺。关于元曲形式内容方面的资料 ,如二书多处记述了唱曲、弹弦子的情况 ,特别是所记交“五个钱”入构栏看“诸般唱词” ,对于研究金元演艺的发展 ,弥足珍贵。元曲多写田园山水风光 ,表现避世隐逸的倾向 ,过去总以为是元代士子受压迫、无出路所致。《朴》书会话中也多有此种内容 ,与元曲精神一致 ,看来是一个普遍的社会审美思潮 ,有待作出更切实际的解释     

Die Rahmenbedingungen verändern sich — der Dritte in der Therapie

The background conditions are changing — the third party in therapy The author examines connections between dyadic and triangle structures in the rehabilitation of addiction diseases. He considers the background of his personal experiences related to the changes in his professional position. The traditional dyadic relationship between physician and patient becomes ?destroyed“ by an triangle system in the frame of rehabilitation. Only by reflecting the job order it becomes possible to hold the balance between the responsibilities regarding the patient, the institution, the financial supporter and oneself. The difficulties in this process are reflected (overestimation of oneself and/or of others resp. devaluation of oneself and/or of others). The author explains the necessity to learn, to respect and to estimate, what one has not learned and does not fit to one’s self-understanding.     

稀土元素Ce对Al－Mg－Si变形铝合金组织的影响

通过向Ａｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ弯形铝合金中加入稀土元素Ｃｅ，对比分析了合金在经过锻造和再结晶退火处理后晶粒形态及第二相的分布方式、相组成和形貌，结果表明，Ｃｅ的加入影响了再结晶晶粒的大小及尺寸分散度；Ｃｅ加入与否，第二相均偏聚于原铸造晶界上，但稀土Ｃｅ加入后，出现了许多含Ｃｅ的新相，并且Ｃｅ对第二相有粒化、球化和细化的作用。     

慢性病患者家庭医生签约服务满意度影响因素研究

采用自制问卷,对南京市某城、郊两区2017年4月新签约的居民进行电话访问调查,共收回有效问卷2225份,分析慢性病患者对家庭医生签约服务满意度的现状及其影响因素。结果显示,地区、签约医生诊疗水平、医护人员服务态度、社区医院环境对慢性病患者家庭医生签约服务满意度的影响有统计学意义(P<0.01)。应通过明确家庭医生签约服务的功能定位、提高家庭医生的诊疗水平、改善医务人员的服务态度、优化社区医院服务环境提高慢性病患者对家庭医生签约服务的满意度。     

大学生常见传染病的群体性防治

加强高校传染病的群体性防治,大力开展健康教育,已成为高校医疗保健工作的燃眉之急。文章就东华理工大学近年来对大学生危害较大的、多发的、常见的三种传染病的发病特点、流行规律、传播途径、主要临床表现、群体性防治方法作了简明扼要的阐述,以期提高大学生自我保健和防治能力,增强体质,创建和谐平安校园,从而圆满完成党和人民交给的学习任务。     

建国初期疫病流布背景下的社会应对

对于建国初期的大量疫病流行,国内广大民众、医务工作者以及各种民间机构和团体等民间社会力量给予了热烈回应。这其中既包括普通民众的驱鬼、避疫和防疫,也有中西医结合防治疫病、中国红十字会的防疫行动,还有教育界和文艺界的防疫努力等多个方面。社会各个层面的努力,不仅成功地控制了当时的疫病流行和蔓延,而且还积累了丰富的防疫经验,为后来新中国的卫生防疫事业和社会进步事业的发展奠定了牢固基础。     

稀土出口政策制定中博弈论计算应用研究

相对而言,我国具有稀土出口优势。但是,由于稀土行业发展尚处于初期阶段,无论是产业政策,还是资源消耗都存在一定的问题导致我国稀土资源优势下降。文章首先对当前稀土出口存在的问题进行阐述,然后,基于博弈论理论探索稀土出口贸易政策的优化,最后,对中美、中日就稀土出口问题的博弈模型进行定量分析,从而探索有效的稀土出口政策优化途径。