关于“阳有余，阴不足”之辨

从天道阴阳、生理病理阴阳以及辨证论治等 ３个方面,重新比较了发生在１２世纪至１７世纪医界有关阴阳有余不足的一场辩论,认为争辩双方的实际分歧在于病理与辨证论治方面。这场争辩的理论意义是,促进了温病学说的形成。伤寒论与温病学是传统医学治疗外感病的两大学派,因此湿病学的形成标志传统医学在传统范围内的完善化,而围绕“阳有余,阴不足”论展开的这场辩论,正好反映了传统医学完善化之前的深刻的理论躁动。     

出生缺陷疾病经济负担的评价

本文在总结国内外关于出生缺陷疾病经济负担研究的基础上,分析了出生缺陷经济负担的特点和进一步研究面临的挑战。我们认为,出生缺陷具有经济负担较重、构成变异度大、敏感度高的特点,因此在估算经济负担时必须考虑出生缺陷分类、精神负担量化以及如何进行预测等问题。     

农村老年人日常生活自理能力的性别差异研究

随着中国农村老龄化进程的加快 ,老年人日常生活自理能力问题日益突出 ,而目前对生活自理能力性别差异的研究还不够深入。本文运用逻辑斯缔回归模型 ,利用安徽省巢湖市的农村老年人生活福利状况调查数据 ,研究了慢性疾病、认知能力、老人得到的日常生活上的照料和经济帮助因素分别对男性和女性生活自理能力的不同影响 ,得到了一些有意义的结果     

类书、总集误收颜延之诗文辨正

《海录碎事》中误辑、误引颜延之诗文句十二则,《诗渊》中误辑颜延之佚诗二首,逯钦立《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗·宋诗》中误辑颜延之佚诗残篇三则。其中多数都是把江淹的拟作误系于颜延之名下,有少数属于文字讹误和文句颠倒。此外,严可均《全宋文》据《艺文类聚》,误辑颜延之文一篇。有必要进行考辨厘正。     

职业病防治的法理透视

目前,我国职业病发病人数较多,不能不引起国家和社会的关注。而学者们多半是从医学角度去思考职业病防治。文章从职业病防治的法哲学基础、宪政人权基础的角度,剖析了职业病防治的法理问题,指出了“人是目的”的理念应成为职业病防治中法律权利、义务配置的指导思想。同时认为完善法定人权、促进实有人权是职业病防治取得成功的关键。     

Determining the minimum duration of treatment in tuberculosis: An order restricted non-inferiority trial design

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the biggest killers among infectious diseases worldwide. Together with the identification of drugs that can provide benefits to patients, the challenge in TB is also the optimisation of the duration of these treatments. While conventional duration of treatment in TB is 6 months, there is evidence that shorter durations might be as effective but could be associated with fewer side effects and may be associated with better adherence. Based on a recent proposal of an adaptive order-restricted superiority design that employs the ordering assumptions within various duration of the same drug, we propose a non-inferiority (typically used in TB trials) adaptive design that effectively uses the order assumption. Together with the general construction of the hypothesis testing and expression for type I and type II errors, we focus on how the novel design was proposed for a TB trial concept. We consider a number of practical aspects such as choice of the design parameters, randomisation ratios, and timings of the interim analyses, and how these were discussed with the clinical team.     

An improved score-type confidence interval for stratified risk differences involving rare events

A stratified analysis of the differences in proportions has been widely employed in epidemiological research, social sciences, and drug development. It provides a useful framework for combining data across strata to produce a common effect. However, for rare events with incidence rates close to zero, popular confidence intervals for risk differences in a stratified analysis may not have appropriate coverage probabilities that approach the nominal confidence levels and the algorithms may fail to produce a valid confidence interval because of zero events in both the arms of a stratum. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of certain methods commonly employed to construct confidence intervals for stratified risk differences when the response probabilities are close to a boundary value of zero or one. Additionally, we propose an improved stratified Miettinen–Nurminen confidence interval that exhibits a superior performance over standard methods while avoiding computational difficulties involving rare events. The proposed method can also be employed when the response probabilities are close to one.