死刑案件被告人与被害人诉讼权益保障平衡的思考

平衡死刑案件中被告人与被害人的诉讼权益保障、科学设置死刑诉讼制度,是刑事诉讼制度设计中的重要环节。从立法现状、平衡保障二者诉讼权益的原则、相关制度设计等三个方面,就如何平衡保障被告人与被害人在死刑案件进入起诉阶段后的诉讼权益进行探讨,认为这些诉讼权益的原则和制度设计,对维护社会稳定,建设和谐社会,保障人权都具有深刻的现实意义。     

基于经济分析的知识产权评价体系的设计与研究

知识产权评价工作对提高我国自主创新能力,提升科技竞争能力有着重要的促进作用。本文结合知识产权评价工作初步探讨了法律经济学的基本理论,提出了评价指标设计的六项原则;以企业为例,理性分析了知识产权评价指标,通过理论研究、实地考查和专家论证,设计出企业知识产权工作指标体系,构建了评价指标层次分析模型;根据权重值排序,研究了加强企业知识产权能力建设的重要影响因素与对策,期望对企业知识产权能力的提升有所促进。     

科学发展观与行政法理性

科学发展观的核心与灵魂是以人为本。科学发展观为法学研究提出了新要求、新课题，科学发展观体现了重要的行政法哲学价值观和方法论，即行政法“人本法律价值观”和行政法“全面、协调、可持续”方法论。科学发展观为评价行政法理性提供了标准和对象，为实现行政法理性运行提供了保障机制。     

论公共行政中的个人伦理自主性

人们通常将政府的腐败与低效归结为官僚机构中的个人的不道德。研究表明,尽管理性人追求自身的利益,但他也会受到良心的约束,其行为的道德属性很大程度上跟他所处的环境有关。官僚体制造成个人对组织机构的绝对依附和个人责任感的丧失,对官员的伦理自主性产生影响。而要提高个人的伦理自主性,不仅在于制度安排的合理性,而且在于个人自身伦理意识的加强。     

Some Limitations of “Risk = Threat × Vulnerability × Consequence” for Risk Analysis of Terrorist Attacks

Several important risk analysis methods now used in setting priorities for protecting U.S. infrastructures against terrorist attacks are based on the formula: Risk=Threat×Vulnerability×Consequence. This article identifies potential limitations in such methods that can undermine their ability to guide resource allocations to effectively optimize risk reductions. After considering specific examples for the Risk Analysis and Management for Critical Asset Protection (RAMCAP?) framework used by the Department of Homeland Security, we address more fundamental limitations of the product formula. These include its failure to adjust for correlations among its components, nonadditivity of risks estimated using the formula, inability to use risk‐scoring results to optimally allocate defensive resources, and intrinsic subjectivity and ambiguity of Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequence numbers. Trying to directly assess probabilities for the actions of intelligent antagonists instead of modeling how they adaptively pursue their goals in light of available information and experience can produce ambiguous or mistaken risk estimates. Recent work demonstrates that two‐level (or few‐level) hierarchical optimization models can provide a useful alternative to Risk=Threat×Vulnerability×Consequence scoring rules, and also to probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques that ignore rational planning and adaptation. In such two‐level optimization models, defender predicts attacker's best response to defender's own actions, and then chooses his or her own actions taking into account these best responses. Such models appear valuable as practical approaches to antiterrorism risk analysis.     

Instability and Convergence Under Simple-Majority Rule: Results from Simulation of Committee Choice in Two-Dimensional Space

Nondeterministic models of collective choice posit convergence among the outcomes of simple-majority decisions. The object of this research is to estimate the extent of convergence of majority choice under different procedural conditions. The paper reports results from a computer simulation of simple-majority decision making by committees. Simulation experiments generate distributions of majority-adopted proposals in two-dimensional space. These represent nondeterministic outcomes of majority choice by committees. The proposal distributions provide data for a quantitative evaluation of committee-choice procedures in respect to outcome convergence. Experiments were run under general conditions, and under conditions that restrict committee choice to several game-theoretic solution sets. The findings are that, compared to distributions of voter ideal points, majority-adopted proposals confined to the solution sets demonstrate different degrees of convergence. Second, endogenous agenda formation is a more important obstacle to convergence than the inherent instability of simple-majority rule. Third, if members maximize preferences in respect to agenda formation, a committee choice that approximates the central tendency of the distribution of voter preferences is unlikely. The conclusion is that the most effective way to increase the convergence of majority choice is to restrict the role of individual preferences in agenda formation: identification of proposals to be voted up or down by a committee. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论创新人才的基本素质

当今世界国与国之间的竞争,归根到底是创新竞赛.创新靠人才.从创新史来看,创新人才普遍具有如下共同素质有极强的理论思维能力,并牢固地树立起重视系统实验的价值取向;有远大的理想和志向;有为科学而科学、大公无私的献身精神;有坚强的意志,百折不回的毅力;有宽厚扎实的知识基础;有大胆自信的心理素质;有与人合作共事的能力.     

《荷马史诗》－－从神话走向理性

文章通过对<伊利亚特>、<奥德赛>的分析,说明<荷马史诗>既是希腊人关于宙斯意志的神话思想的完整体现,同时又渗透着原始个体概念的理性萌芽,是人类从神话走向理性时代的真实记录.     

论艺术教育的特点

艺术品是在意象构成中包含着情、意内容。艺术教育以艺术品为媒介来进行 ,就要使受教者通过形式的观照来把握情意。从情的方面来说 ,使受教者学会通过情感的宣泄达到净化 ;从意的方面看 ,要感悟意味和进行理解。它在情感的兴发状态中使受教者获得教益 ,这是其功利性 ;它培养受教者一种审美境界和道德境界 ,这是它的超越性。作为一种教育形式 ,它离不开施教者的引导 ;从艺术教育的特殊性来看 ,它又具有自由性     

高中教师继续教育的师资队伍建设研究

开展高中教师的继续教育 ,对省级教育学院既是机遇 ,又是挑战。为了较好地完成这一艰巨任务 ,就要加快师资队伍建设 ,建设一支坚持社会主义方向、品德高尚、结构合理、素质精良、专兼结合的师资队伍。