Demand Systems Estimation With Microdata: A Censored Regression Approach

Demand systems estimation increasingly makes use of household-level microdata, mainly to measure the effects of demographic variables. Data based on these household-expenditure surveys present a major estimation problem. For any given household, many of the goods have zero consumption, implying a censored dependent variable. Techniques which do not take this censored dependent variable into account will yield biased results. We utilize a censored regression approach that is computationally simple, consistent, and asymptotically efficient. The results are then presented and compared with those obtained using an uncensored technique.     

离子电子法配平方程式的简便方法

本文介绍了离子电子法在配平半反应时,利用离子、电子及溶液的介质,来调节反应式两边的电荷数,使之相等.     

秦汉时期的损伤检验

秦汉时期的法医检验重视对活体的伤情检验 ,这与当时法律上的保辜制度密切相关 ,人们依据伤情的轻重确定辜限的长短。因此在长期的伤情检验实践中 ,产生了伤、创、折、断、、、痍、瘢等不同等级伤型和伤情的概念和术语。从今天所能见到的秦汉时期伤情检验的实例及司法爰书中可以看出 ,当时的法医检验已总结出了致命伤的概念 ,并对“生活反应原理”有所认识。     

低频度事件保险产品选择谈判决策模型

本文考虑在低频度事件中保险产品选择问题,用效用理论及模糊数学知识建立了产品选择模型,并给出了算例,找到了使双方均满意的最优产品。     

基于投入产出技术的企业价格变动模型及其应用

本文建立了企业产品价格综合变动影响的四种不同的测算模型。可用于测算中间产品价格和初始投入变化及其连锁影响。     

产品品种繁多类型企业投入产出表的处理思想与方法

对于生产装配性产品的机械企业，由于产品与原材料种类繁多，将造成企业投入产出表的规模庞大，致使投入产出表的编制、计算和使用产生诸多问题，甚至难以实现。为了控制表的规模，常采用将消耗量相近、生产工艺相近的产品合并的做法。但这种做法严重影响了投入产出表的精度和应用效果。因此，本文讨论了更为有效的解决这类问题的思想和方法。     

Measurement error, skewness, and risk analysis: coping with the long tail of the distribution.

Probabilistic risk analyses often construct multistage chance trees to estimate the joint probability of compound events. If random measurement error is associated with some or all of the estimates, we show that resulting estimates of joint probability may be highly skewed. Joint probability estimates based on the analysis of multistage chance trees are more likely than not to be below the true probability of adverse events, but will sometimes substantially overestimate them. In contexts such as insurance markets for environmental risks, skewed distributions of risk estimates amplify the "winner's curse" so that the estimated risk premium for low-probability events is likely to be lower than the normative value. Skewness may result even in unbiased estimators of expected value from simple lotteries, if measurement error is associated with both the probability and pay-off terms. Further, skewness may occur even if the error associated with these two estimates is symmetrically distributed. Under certain circumstances, skewed estimates of expected value may result in risk-neutral decisionmakers exhibiting a tendency to choose a certainty equivalent over a lottery of equal expected value, or vice versa. We show that when distributions of estimates of expected value are, positively skewed, under certain circumstances it will be optimal to choose lotteries with nominal values lower than the value of apparently superior certainty equivalents. Extending the previous work of Goodman (1960), we provide an exact formula for the skewness of products.     

论文化产品与“政府文化需求”

文章试图用经济学原理,以"需求"为基本范畴,分析社会文化产品生产、流通、消费的基本规律,揭示文化产品的价值和使用价值相统一的商品属性.文中特别提出了文化产品"政府消费"的概念,意在解决"公益文化"的市场定位问题,并为转变文化行政部门职能、改革现有文化事业单位体制、创新政府文化投入的拨款方式提供一定的理论依据.     

“盲人摸象”的认识论启示

现代社会生产过程不仅是一个物质产品的生产、分配、交换、消费的过程,而且是一个知识产品的生产、分配、传播、应用的过程;不仅存在着人与人之间在物质产品的生产、分配、交换、消费过程中所形成的社会关系,而且存在着人与人之间在知识产品的生产、分配、传播、应用过程中所形成的社会关系。随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展,人们在知识产品生产过程中所形成的社会关系,将由计划经济体制下的无偿性、间接性和无利性,向市场经济体制下的有偿性、直接性和互利性的方向转变。     

基于合作博弈的易腐性产品运输设施选择的费用分配

易腐性产品的价值会随着时间而损失,运输易腐性产品时,客户除了支付运输费用外还需要承担产品的价值损失。本文把易腐性产品的价值损失和运输费用之和作为总费用,应用合作博弈理论,把易腐性产品的运输设施选择的费用分配问题构造成费用分配博弈,证明了在易腐性产品线性价值损失的情况下,运输设施选择博弈的核心非空,且为子模博弈,并讨论核仁、夏普利值、τ-值等解。论文最后讨论了有约束运输的设施选择的费用分配博弈的解的情况,说明其核心也许为空,并提出了进一步研究的方向。