Counseling Strategies with Gay and Lesbian Youth

Counseling needs of gay and lesbian youth have not been adequately researched. Identification of these issues has only been underway for adequately researched. Identification of these issues has only been underway for approximately ten years, as service providers and researchers turned their attention to this population. Factors, which contribute to a presenting clinical picture, include stigmatization, hiding and isolation, a sense of being different, lack of family support, harassment, and violence. Each of these areas is discussed, integrating case vignettes and research findings.     

Agency Problems between Managers and Employees in Nonprofit Organizations: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Most principal–agent literature of nonprofit organizations has focused on the relationship between board members and managers. However, in addition to the role as an agent of the board, the manager also performs a role as principal with respect to the nonprofit employees. By using a discrete choice experiment, we identify the objectives of managers and employees in nonprofit organizations and assess the presence of agency problems in this relationship. Our sample consists of 76 headmasters, 161 teachers, and 39 administrative employees in 74 secondary nonprofit schools in Belgium. We find that the six objectives set out in the experiment play an important role for both headmasters and subordinate staff. However, the results also indicate that some of these objectives are significantly more important for the headmasters. In sum, our results suggest that agency theory and stewardship theory are not necessarily in conflict with each other but can be combined into a more general governance framework for nonprofit organizations. Consequently, we argue that incentive structures that incorporate different types of objectives can facilitate the recruitment and retention of employees in nonprofit organizations.     

Final report of the Color Additive Scientific Review Panel

The Color Additives Scientific Review Panel considered whether there was information sufficient to perform a carcinogenic risk assessment on the colors D&C Red No. 19 (R-19), D&C Red No. 37 (R-37), D&C Orange No. 17 (O-17), D&C Red No. 9 (R-9), D&C Red No. 8 (R-8) and FD&C Red No. 3 (R-3) and to evaluate the assessments sent to FDA as part of the petitions for use of the colors for drug and external uses by the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA). There is a lack of human data concerning the colors for making a human health assessment, so the assessments are based upon the extrapolation of animal data. The risk assessments are determined for exposure to single chemicals. Excluded from consideration are possible effects from exposure to multiple chemicals, such as co-carcinogenesis, promotion, synergism, antagonism, etc. In the light of recent efforts in establishing a consensus in risk assessment, the Panel has determined that the CTFA assessments for R-10, O-17, and R-9 are consistent with present acceptable usages, although it questions some of the assumptions used in the assessments. The Panel identified a number of general assumptions made, and discusses their validity, their impact on total uncertainty, and the potential options to address the gaps in understanding that necessitate the assumption. The Panel also derived revised risk estimates using more "reasonable" assumptions than "worst-case" situations, for 90th percentile and average exposure. For those assumptions that are easily quantifiable, the Panel's estimates are less than an order of magnitude lower than the CTFA risk estimates, indicating that the underestimates and overestimates of the CTFA risk estimates tend to balance each other. The impact of most of the assumptions is not quantifiable. The assessment for R-3 is complicated by the fact that there is no good skin penetrance study for this color. It was assumed that the penetrance is similar to that of another water-soluble xanthene color, R-19. It is expected that the absorption of the color is not likely to exceed that of the smaller molecule, R-19. Therefore, the risk estimates are similar to the CTFA estimates, but with different reasoning. The estimates for R-8 and R-37 are different from the others in that there is a lack of any exposure or toxicological information on these colors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

边界沉思

提出一种关于一类感知反应系统演化的边界研究思路和方法,其主要内容为:系统的复杂性主要是由系统与环境之间的相互作用关系产生的,因此在系统边界上聚集着关于系统演化的重要特性;系统中的捕获力和游离力之间的竞争造就了一条"色谱边界”,其中包含着极其丰富的层次性;"色谱边界”上的要素以感知反应的方式推动系统的结构重组,从而促使系统实现突现或塌陷,完成一次演化过程.     

红色折射出的文化内涵

红色在中西方文化中都是基本颜色。由于人类文化共性的作用 ,在中西文化中 ,红色所代表的意义有很多相似之处 ,但是由于风俗习惯、生活方式、历史背景以及地域的差异 ,红色在中西文化中所表达的文化心理和象征意义又有更多的不同之处。本文就红色在中西方文化中所反映的文化内涵作一简单比较 ,以期在跨文化交际中具有一定作用。     

The Use of Hypnosis in the Treatment of Dissociative Patients

A frequent need of adult patients who were traumatized in childhood is to recall and work through those experiences which have been blocked out of awareness but continue to exert negative influences. Hypnosis is an effective resource with such patients. This article discusses the early developments of hypnosis. It describes components of the trance state which makes it a useful resource with trauma patients as well as an effective therapeutic process and technique. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate some applications of hypnosis with sexually traumatized patients.     

论代理契约中决策方案的设计与选择

本文论述了以博奕关系简化复杂的代理关系,用必然等值评估代理人的优先选择曲线,根据代理人优先选择曲线的类型,分析代理人的风险态度,据以设计相应的激励方案的方法与过程.     

中小企业学习代理机制研究

学习代理是企业通过学习代理人从外部知识源获取知识,并在组织内部分享知识进而改变组织知识基以获取竞争优势的过程.文章首先归纳了中小企业三类关键的学习代理人,即企业家个体、精英、群体;其次,结合企业实际分别给出企业在知识获取阶段和知识分享阶段中不同类型的学习代理模式,并构建了学习代理的两阶段过程模型;深入剖析了学习代理人获取知识以及组织内部分享知识的内在机制.研究结论表明,中小企业要想通过学习代理进一步提升组织的学习绩效,必须在学习代理的不同阶段及时推动学习代理人角色的转化以及知识的转移.     

商业展览空间中色彩与材料倾向性研究——“品牌”展示空间的色彩、材料倾向性分析提案

商业展示中，商家投入资金一味地追求“新奇独特”的造型来吸引观众的视线，使整个展示空间杂乱无章，各种造型材料嘈杂堆砌毫无创意，没有达到预期的宣传效果。因此，在展览设计中色彩和材料的倾向性的研究运用，基于用户需要的分析与调研，确定如何完善和烘托其“品牌”的展示风格。     

Global economy of signs and selves: A view of work regimes in call centers in the Philippines

Reflecting on the global nature of third-party offshore call center and its implications on the agent, this piece is an account of the researcher's own experience, observations, and interactions as a call center worker. Using the theoretical frame Global economy of signs and selves, weaving ideas from Scott Lash and John Urry, Pierre Bourdieu and Erving Goffman, the study looks at some dimensions and conditions of global service work experienced by Filipino agents. With the relocation of accounts offshore, call centers in the Philippines have given rise to a growing section of society required by the imperatives of their work to “defy” time and space, synchronizing their cycles and routines according to the rhythms and cycles of a distant social dimension and the imperatives of globalized production. Although relocation has allowed firms to reduce costs and make use of cheaper labor, the distance traversed by this new call center platform comes with some hidden costs, borne by workers, who may themselves take these other forms of work they deliver for granted. Highlighting under-emphasized, undervalued and misrecognized aspects of call center work, the study attempts to link the global, the local and the personal, while emphasizing the social and symbolic work involved in call center production.