The Nature of the Political Reconsidered

I present an immanent, and explanatory, critique of reflections on the nature of politics and of power within political science. I argue that these reflections are problematic, to the extent that they presuppose an actualist conception of the political, and that this is generated by an empiricist way of thinking on the one hand and a constructivist way of thinking on the other. I show how re‐defining politics, power, and the political on the basis of a dialectical critical realist ontology resolves these problems and, thereby, allows us to understand the conditions for social change and the relationship between the political and the economic. My argument has two, important implications: first, that the proposal that those who study politics professionally should celebrate philosophical diversity is dangerous–at least if it makes it difficult to sustain a distinct, emancipatory form of political inquiry; and, second, that the nature of social reality justifies the need both for specialized forms of inquiry, such as politics and economics, and integrative forms of inquiry, such as political economy.     

Family support policies and child outcomes: a realist-scoping review*

Family support policies (FSP) refer to government policies that promote the well-being of families with children (e.g. job-protected paid leave, cash transfers, childcare). We developed an initial conceptual and theoretical framework of FSP and conducted a realist-scoping review to document the state of evidence regarding the influence of FSP on three child outcomes: poverty, development, and health. Based on the contexts and mechanisms through which FSP are hypothesized to affect child outcomes, we constructed a framework to guide a search of five electronic databases (OVID, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge). We analysed articles meeting our inclusion criteria (i.e. conceptualized FSP as a function of the welfare state; conceptualized child poverty, development, and health as outcomes; and conducted empirical analyses) in relation to our mechanisms and thematic concerns (context, developmental periods, and differential impacts). A total of 22 studies met our inclusion criteria, which tested 25 independent child outcomes. Our findings identified initial mechanisms that explain the relationship between FSP and child outcomes through (1) increasing parents’ basic capabilities, (2) shaping parents’ childcare options, and (3) influencing parental leave-taking and shifting beliefs about gender relationships in the home and workplace. Future work will be to test these mechanisms and framework through a realist synthesis.     

意向性与心灵的“分界面”——普特南实在论思想探析

普特南通过意向性问题深入实在论研究,分析了形而上学实在论的缺失,指出意向性的非还原性和开放型的构造,并且把意向性延伸到逻辑学、伦理学、宗教学等领域。在这个基础上,普特南试图通过消解实在与心灵之间的分界面来避免实在论的二律背反,进而从内在实在论走向直接实在论。     

从"写实"到"主义"——论张道藩的国家文艺思想

在20世纪的中国,写实主义文艺的重心曾经从"写实"本身的"主义"转移到政治的某种"主义",张道藩的国家文艺思想,即令"写实主义"服役于"三民主义",演成三民主义的写实主义.其形成带有现实的政治考量,即因应抗战建国和批评普罗文艺的需要,而其实施则暴露出政治目标与人文内涵的冲突.张道藩对三民主义文艺思想的建构和阐释显得中正、平衡、和谐,虽倡导有力的国家文艺,却又试图最大限度地尊重自由和人权,遂使其三民主义的国家文艺思想温和无力,最终走向自我消解.     

重论中国现代文学中现实主义的起源及其特征——从近、现代社会与文化的转型出发

作为创作方法的现实主义,其实是作家在理解与处理文学创作与现实关系时所持的一种态度和遵循的原则;而我国近代以来所形成的社会与文化转型,正是建立起了现代作家认识世界与表现世界的基本立场与观察视角,蕴育与促进了中国现代文学中现实主义的形成。     

现实与浪漫之间的诗性精神——耿翔诗歌创作简析

耿翔诗歌创作中,坚守现实主义并延伸着社会视线,激扬浪漫主义的个人情愫和艺术视野,可以说是在浪漫主义与现实主义相互交融之中探索诗性精神.试图通过对耿翔诗歌纵横考量进行解析,并最终认为,在陕西当代文学之中,耿翔以故乡马坊为主题的诗歌散文的双文本创作构成了陕西文学地理的重要组成部分.     

论十七年文学的主体建构

新中国建立后,十七年文学上接延安文艺的传统,致力于为意识形态服务,围绕新中国的发展组织叙事。现代性时间的引入成为文本叙事中的路标,标示着战斗和革命的进程。时间常常在革命胜利或主人公的牺牲与成长时戛然而止,产生的修辞效果是主人公成为不完全主体,其非自足性强化了创造历史的集体意义和意识形态的有机力量。在叙述者于统一价值规范下的自觉创作取向背后,真正隐藏着的叙述者是“阶级”话语。     

民族与民族主义研究:从实体论迈向关系实在论初探

在民族和民族主义研究中,实体论具有重要地位,它包括客观实体论与主观实体论。前者长于民族的客观属性分析与内生分析,但忽略了民族的主观属性,忽略了他者和关系对民族自我的塑造作用;后者最为看重民族的主观属性,强调民族主义对民族的塑造作用,但放大了民族的主观属性,且落入从民族主义与民族两者的关系来界定民族的窠臼。文章引入关系实在论来阐释民族和民族主义,旨在消解民族的实体本体论地位,并将民族"自我"视为过程性、动态性与稳定性的关系化实体。在此基础上,文章区分了两个层次的流动的、关系化的民族自我和不同类型的民族主义:(1)国家民族(主义),公民民族(主义)和族群民族(主义)之间的竞争共生关系;(2)在第一个层次之上的民族自我与其他内部他者、外部他者之间的竞争共生关系。     

1950年代王贝实主义论争与苏俄文学传括由昀《文艺报》

1950年代国内就现实主义问题展开激烈的论争,《文艺报》积极介入论争,以其绝对的权威性通过译介苏联关于社会主义现实主义的理论文章,引导50年代国内文艺把社会主义现实主义奉为我国整个文学艺术创作和批评的最高准则。1950年代《文艺报》通过传播苏俄文学文论对现实主义论争产生重要影响,探讨《文艺报》在传播苏俄文学文论从而影响国内现实主义论争进程方面所起到的作用及其经验和教训,告诉我们要重视期刊传播对中国当代文学乃至整个20世纪中国文学发展的重大影响。     

多元·创新·现实主义--20世纪美国文学综述

20世纪美国文学取得了举世瞩目的成就.其主要有以下几个特点文学流派繁多,异彩纷呈;戏剧、诗歌、小说各领风骚,现实主义小说成就最高;文学批评表现出独立性、多元性和科学性;文学创作者具有反传统性与创新性.这些特点使美国文学充满了生机和活力,并对世界其他国家的文学发展产生了越来越大的影响.